Kręcidło, Janusz2026-03-092026-03-092026The Biblical Annals, 2026, T. 16, nr 1, s. 67-113.2083-22222451-2168https://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/42454Artykuł w języku angielskim.This article is a comprehensive examination of the sin of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Despite numerous attempts to definitively answer the question of the nature of this sin in Christian history and today, it still appears to be a crux interpretum. The first step is to comprehensively present the status quaestionis and attempt to systematise existing research. The lack of consensus among scholars justifies the need to address this topic from a broader research perspective. The first step in exegetical analysis is a meticulous examination of the synoptic passages in Mark 3:28–30, Matt 12:31–32 and Luke 12:10 in their narrative contexts. This article argues that the essence of the sin of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is the rejection of the revelation offered by God in Jesus Christ and of God Himself as the revealed God, i.e. apostasy. However, each Evangelist approaches this issue differently, placing emphasis on different aspects. This article also asserts that Luke, probably inspired by Q 12:10, attempts to remove this teaching from its local narrative context and make it universal. This article also examines other texts (Heb 6:4–6, 1 John 5:16, and Gos. Thom. 44) that broaden the theological and cultural context for interpreting the gospel teaching on blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, but they do not add much new content.engCC-BY - Uznanie autorstwasin of blasphemy against the Holy SpiritMark 3:28–30Matt 12:31–32Luke 12:10Heb 6:4–61 John 5:16Q source 12:10Gospel of Thomas 44blasphemyHoly Spiritsinsins against the Holy Spiritblasphemy in JudaismJudaismNew Testament on blasphemy against the Holy Spiritblasphemy against the Holy Spiritblasphemy against the Holy Spirit in New Testament textsBibleNew Testamentbiblical studiesexegesisbiblical exegesistheologybiblical theologyexegetical analysishistory of exegesishistory of biblical exegesisGospel of MatthewGospel of MarkGospel of LukeFirst Letter of JohnLetter to the Hebrewsapocryphal literatureapocryphaNew Testament apocryphaQ sourcephilologybiblical philologyphilological analysisgrzech bluźnierstwa przeciwko Duchowi ŚwiętemuMk 3:28–30Mt 12:31–32Łk 12:10Hbr 6:4–61 J 5:16źródło Q 12:10Ewangelia Tomasza 44bluźnierstwoDuch Świętygrzechgrzechy przeciwko Duchowi Świętemubluźnierstwo w judaizmiejudaizmNowy Testament o bluźnierstwie przeciwko Duchowi Świętemubluźnierstwo przeciwko Duchowi Świętemubluźnierstwo przeciwko Duchowi Świętemu w tekstach Nowego TestamentuBibliaPismo ŚwięteNowy Testamentbiblistykaegzegezaegzegeza biblijnateologiateologia biblijnaanaliza egzegetycznahistoria egzegezyhistoria egzegezy biblijnejEwangelia według św. MateuszaEwangelia według św. MarkaEwangelia według św. ŁukaszaPierwszy List św. JanaList do Hebrajczykówliteratura apokryficznaapokryfapokryfy Nowego Testamentuźródło Qfilologiafilologia biblijnaanaliza filologicznaArticle