Kowalczyk, Andrzej2026-01-302026-01-301996Studia Theologica Varsaviensia, 1996, R. 34, nr 1, s. 115-153.https://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/41107Since the beginning of this century till the seventies there was argued that Gospels are not biographies (P. Wendland, K. L. Schmidt, R. Bultmann). J. Robinson and H. Koester included Gospels to genre named by them „aretological parody”. M. Goulder thinks that Mk was composed according to the principles of midrash on OT works, whereas Matt is a midrash on Mark. D. L. Barr sees similarities between Gospels and Socratic Dialogues, G. G. Bilezikian with Greek Tragedy, D. O. Via with Tragi-Comedy. G. N. Stanton and Ch. Talbert argue that Gospels posses many features of Graeco-Roman „bioi” Biographical character of the Gospels is strongly defended by P. Shuler. According to him the Gospels belong to „encomium biography” R. A. Burridge thinks that the Gospels are a type of ancient biography (bioi) and affirms that difficulties in defining their genre arc founded upon inadequate literary theory of the genre and upon lack of understanding of the Graeco-Roman biography. Author of this paper is not agree with Burridge’s statement. He thinks that Matthew not intended to write a Graeco-Roman biography. Matthew’s Gospel has no title and has not some themes characteristic for the bioi. The basic signification for the redaction of Matt had Moses and Joshua typology, as well as structure of Pentateuch. Author attempts to point out that five sermons in Matt are in parallelism to the Pentateuch, as well as that themes of these sermons are in relation with some themes in successive books of the Pentateuch. For example the Sermon on the Mount is based on the Book of Covenant in Ex 20-24, the Mission Sermon is based on Moses sermon to the Scouts in Nm 13,17-20, Sermon of Kingdom is based on text Nm 33-36, which in the most part contains God's prescriptions relating the conquest and and division of Canaan, and two remaining sermons have many elements in common with Moses sermons in Dt. The narrative blocs are also redacted in relation to the Pentateuch. exactly to descriptions or some important episodes of Exodus: at Mount Sinai, revolt in Meriba, revolt after return of scouts, rebellion of Korah etc. The argument that confirms the influence of Pentateuch on redaction of Matt are doublets in Matt: the doublets occur where in the relative place in the structure of the Pentateuch are found the same themes. Similarity of themes of the five sermons with characteristic themes of successive books in Pentateuch (except the first one) is the next argument. At the end it should to be stressed convergencies as follow: one journey to Jerusalem in Matt – journey to the Promised Land in Pentateuch; Jesus changes 42 limes the place of his activity in Galilee – Moses changes 42 limes the camp in the desert; Matthew describes 12 conflicts with Jews – Moses has 12 conflicts with Israelites etc. Matthew wrote of Messiah, the Prophet like Moses in his Gospel, and wrote it for Jews, then he had to base it on the Bible. Searching the genre of Matt in Graeco-Roman literature is a mistake. Matthew intended to give a new Torah to the new chosen people; his Gospel is a new Torah, it is typological history.polCC-BY-ND - Uznanie autorstwa - Bez utworów zależnychbiblistykabiblical studiesBiblePismo ŚwięteNowy TestamentNew TestamentEwangelia według św. MateuszaGospel of Matthewrodzaje literackieliterary genresHeksateuchnarracjatypologia biblijnaHexateuchnarrativebiblical typologyArticle