Bartoszewicz, Dariusz2026-03-172026-03-172005Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne, 2004, T. 17, s. 21-29.0209-3782https://theo-logos.pl/handle/123456789/42922The rabbis became dominant group in Judaism on result of row of causes. It was: the reform of Ezra and Nehemiah, increase the meaning of synagogue in life the Jewish community, at last the fall of temple and the end of the sacrificial cult. In this way assumed a shape rabbinical Judaism which in relation to earlier forms of Moses' religion show alike advantages and defects. The article portrays the rabbinical reconstruction of Judaism from the fifth age before Chr. as consequence of reform and it contains the reference of this process to Christianity and attempt of its estimation.polCC-BY-ND - Uznanie autorstwa - Bez utworów zależnychjudaizmstarożytnośćstarożytny Bliski WschódBliski WschódIzraelpolitykaokres perskireformareforma Ezdrasza i Nehemiaszarabiniczna reforma judaizmusynagogaJudaismantiquityancient Near EastMiddle EastIsraelpoliticsPersian periodreformreform of Ezra and Nehemiahrabbinical reform of JudaismsynagogueArticle