Wejman, Grzegorz2022-08-092022-08-092010Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana, 2010, nr 2, s. 153-182.1731-0555http://theo-logos.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/299Błąd w opisie bibliograficznym na pierwszej stronie artykułu – nr 1 zamiast nr 2. Autor tłumaczenia streszczenia: Mirosława Landowska.The thirteenth century in the history of Christian Europe is the age of the full Middle Ages. It is a time of struggle and greatness. On the one hand Christian West fights for the free passage to Jerusalem and other sacred places in Palestine by crusades, and papacy keep fighting with the opportunistic emperor Frederick II. On the other hand it is a time of great popes: for example – Innocent III, Gregory IX, Innocent IV, and Boniface VIII; it is a time of significant The Fourth Council of the Lateran (year 1215) or very important for the Christian unity – The Second Council of Lyon (year 1274). What is more, it is a time of flourishing cities, universities and gothic art. It is also a time of appearance in the history of the Franciscans and Dominicans. Kamień Pomorski (Cammin in Pommem) as the capital city of the bishopric – which was subordinate to the Holy See, is part of this great work in Europe. Despite the difficulties associated with the invasion of Brandenburg (year 1263 and 1273), Kamień is developing well both in terms of economic and urban planning, civil and ecclesiastical. Bishops of Kamień gained prominence in the universal Church and the Principality of Pomerania. Well developed structures of church allowed to operate a viable ministry. Presence of the Dominican Order confirmed that and also strengthened the Polish and Slavic presence here prior to increasing the German element. In the ecclesiastical history of Kamień Pomorski, XII century is one of the most prosperous of centuries.plAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Polandhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/pl/biskupikapłaniduchowieństwoXIII w.średniowieczechrześcijaństwopapieżesobór laterański IVsobór lyoński IIprawomiastohandelsądy kościelnesądszkołybibliotekiarchiwaKościółbishopsclergypriesthoodMiddle AgesChristianitypopescouncilFourth Lateran CouncilSecond Council of Lyonlawcityecclesiastical courtcourtschoolslibrariesarchivesChurchEuropaEuropeChristian Europechrześcijańska EuropahistoriahistoryKamień PomorskiPomorzePomeraniaArticle