Kształtowanie się obrzędów sakramentu święceń w liturgii rzymskiej

Abstract

In the article was shown the process of formation of the liturgy of the sacrament of Holy Orders. The liturgy includes, due to the three-stage character of the sacrament, ordained bishop, priest and deacon. A particular object of analysis will be ordained to the priesthood. The whole discussion complements the structure of rites and the resulting theology in light of the renewed after Vatican II Roman Pontifical. In the early Church, the priest was determined essentially only the bishop, whose duty was to preside the Eucharist, give the Sacraments of Christian initiation, the celebration of the sacrament of penance, preaching the Gospel and care for the unity of the local church. During this period ( in the second century after Christ), the main helpers of the bishop in fulfilling this mission were very priests who assisted and cooperated during the liturgy in proclaiming the word of God and community leadership. Implementation of the sacramental ministry in the early Church has changed visibly in the third century. This happened under the influence of two very important factors, which were enhancing in this period of persecution and the development of Christian communities, associated with the formation of new communities, including in rural areas. Under the influence of new circumstances priests gained increasing independence, and their scope of service underwent constant expansion. In place of the bishops began to celebrate the Eucharist and other sacraments to give, and sometimes presided over the entire life of the Christian community. The result of these phenomena has been appearing since the third century, the tendency to also be called priests of the priests. In this way, the various offices under the sacrament of Holy Orders received increasingly defined in terms of a theological character. Consequently, this allowed precise definition of the tasks performed by the bishop, priest and deacon, which is a reflection of the liturgical documents describing the course of the rites of ordination.