Tendencje irracjonalistyczne i ich przezwyciężanie w teologii

Abstract

Taken from the subject's point of view neither religion nor religious faith is exclusively the matter of human reason, but of the whole person and the grace of God. Both religion and faith in view of lived experience and religious experience are extremely complex. No wonder then that in the history of theological thought, which deals with their explication, also irrational tendencies have been given attention; those tendencies were usually conditioned by particular philosophical assumptions. Thus it was in the ancient times of Christianity (Tatian, Theophilus, Tertullian, and sects: Montanism, gnosis, Manichaeism, or Neoplatonism), in the Middle Ages (radical German mysticism, nominalism, Nicholas of Cusa), and in modern times (the Protestant faith of trust, fideism, traditionalism, Kantian agnosticism, idealism, modernism etc.). In keeping with the above Christinaity has often been charged with the accusation of irrationality, likewise faith and theology. The author has proved in a short analysis, starting from Jesus self-apology, that Catholic theology, apologetics and fundamental theology have alvays cared to show the rational foundations of Christianity as a revealed religion. They have also sought to show how reason participated in cognition and religious experience so that the act of faith was an act worthy of man as a rational person. Vatican Council I (Dei Filium) expressed it officially, and Vatican Council II has confirmed it extensively.