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Alasdaira Maclntyre’a krytyka etyki nowożytnej i współczesnej
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 1996)
The article reconstructs Alasdair MacIntyre’s critique of modem and contemporary philosophy of morality. This critique, through its confrontation of various modem propositions of the theoiy of morality, reveals that the ethics of autonomous subjects whether in liberalism or in emotivism does not have as its foundations rational explanations of moral conduct, thus leaving us to our irrational impulses of will and emotion. A critical confrontation between modem and ancient ethics discloses why a modem project of moral theory failed. Having taken only fragments of teleological ethics of Aristotle or Aquinas, one could not reach rationality; that’s why, modernity created idiolects understood only within those fragments. When one does not have any rationality, one should draw from the rationality of Aristotle and Aquinas and develop it creatively. The rationality of such an ethics emphasises a necessity of the theory of virtue in philosophy and practice of morality. Omitting this essential element from modem and contemporary philosophy of morality makes ethics be formulated as a theory of egoism and, opposite to it, theory of conventional laws. In the social field this is realised as techniques manipulating others by a therapist and manager-expert of effectiveness.
Antropologia Martina Bubera
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2001)
The article revels biographical, religious and philosophical sources of anthropological views of Martin Buber. Upon this background it reconstructs his anthropology as another attempt to overcome the crisis of contemporary philosophical thought. It tries to judge whether this is a successful attempt. It does so through reconstruction of fundamental ideas of Buber’s anthropology and critical judgement of the ‘Between’ category, which Buber seems to postulate at the basis of his anthropology and ethics.
Ateistyczny liberalizm wobec religii i moralności chrześcijańskiej
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1996)
This essay shows different ways of liberation proposed by atheistic liberalism in its criticism of Christian religion. Different forms of anthropotheism from A. Comte, L. Feuerbach, K. Marks, F. Nietzsche leads, in the case of J. P. Sartre, to nihilism in which the man to be free, has to accept that his life, and everything has no sense and is absurd. The classism, nazism and nihilism, as the results of atheistic critic of religion, demand from atheism to rethink his triumphant faith in finding remedy for human happiness.
Godność i podmiotowość człowieka a eutanazja
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Instytut Teologiczno-Pastoralny im. św. bpa Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara w Rzeszowie, 2006)
The article addresses dangers of destruction of dignity and subjectivity of man which arise from the part of secular culture. The culture is losing sensitivity to God and diminishing the value of man. This hedonistic and utilitarian culture particularly attacks the weaker, that is, sick and dying people. The struggle with suffering is made into the fight against the sufferers and into the elimination of them. These kinds of practices are theoretically supported by some of bioethicists. They claim that the value of human life depends on its biological and psychological quality. In this way, they exclude some people from the community of persons. The article, arguing from the position of the personalist ethics, opposes any new theoretical and practical forms of the discrimination against man.
Personalizm Karla Rahnera a personalizm Karola Wojtyły w sporze o teologię moralną
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2000)
The article mentions the changes in the field of moral theology concerning the justification of the fundamentals of morality. It directs the discussion as a dispute between ethica of I. Kant and the ethica of St. Thomas, in particular as the dispute between two personalisms: personalism of K. Rahner and his disciples and the personalism of K. Wojtyla and his followers. The first is transcendental or idealistic personalism, the other is realistic personalism. The proposal of the fundamental option of person, namely: his/her project of oneself and social project, worked out in the new moral theology as the basis of morality, implies a dualistic, angelologie concept of man as freedom thrown into nature and in the field of ethics it reveals itself as hidden utilitarianism. The rejection of perceptive knowledge and receptive conscience in which the dignity of another person is revealed as a norm of morality leads to the destruction of personalism. Without revealing this dignity the other person as well as my own person will be unavoidably treated as a means of realizing my subjective selfproject as well as historical and social processes.
Wartość życia w ujęciu etyki personalistycznej
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2003)
This article first presents the concept of human dignity in the ancient, Mediaeval and contemporary thoughts as well as the contribution of Christianity in this respect. It was noticed that from the times of Kant’s rationalistic formulation of dignity this concept served to formulate not only the individual ethics but the social one as well. It was used to limit totalitarian tendencies of the modern state – leviathan. Human dignity became the fundamental norm of the human rights declaration and state constitutions. Today the principle of life is placed in opposition to the principle of the quality of life. This article stresses that the category of the quality of life cannot be the norm of morality. It must be subordinated to the norm of personalistic acceptance of the person for who he/she is. Thinking in the categories of the value of person’s life is the condition of humanism of contemporary culture including medicine.
Zagrożenia rodziny na podstawie „Listu do rodzin” Ojca Świętego Jana Pawła II
Biesaga, Tadeusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1995)
The article, analysing the Letter to Families by John Paul II, points to the fundamental dangers facing families which result from faise modern conception of truth about man, including false truth about his sexuality, marriage bonds and parenthood. This kind of neomanicheism, false theory of human sexuality (sex-ism). Treats man’s sexuality as some biological, apersonal force governing him, the force of which procreative activity can be stopped only by technical means: contraception, sterilization and abortion. This apersonalistic view of human sexuality builds 1) a utilitarian culture, 2) anti-life mentality and 3) conviction that a stable and irrevocable marriage relationship is impossible.