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Officium Divinum od IV do XIII wieku
Bisztyga, Jerzy (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2014)
The article discusses the development of the Divine Office from the four to the thirteen century. Research in this field makes possible to discern various performing traditions of the Officium Divinum. Two among them seemed to be the most important and widespread: the cathedral tradition and the monastic tradition. They had not mostly been based on geographical foundations but on the structure of groups performing the analyzed prayer. But on the whole, although there were some differences between them they very often influenced each other and their elements intertwined. The structure of the hours and the ways and places of their performing as well as the people involved in the service have been also discussed in the study. Here, historical background of the times when the Officium was performed have been described as well. The final section of the article discusses the problem of the Roman Breviary’s creation and its influence on the transformation of the Church’s public prayer into a predominantly individual practice. The intertwining influences between cursus monachorum and cursus cathedralis resulted in the “overabundance” of the contents of the prayer hours and in loosing the prayer harmony with the natural, cosmic rhythm of time. In addition to that the widespread development of the offices to local saints brought about the destruction of the original, well – composed structure of the prayer hours. Thus, the attempts to introduce some reforms into the Divine Office could be observed since the thirteen century.
Tadeusz Miazga’s Two Articles: "The Scripters of Plainchant Books in Poland" and "The Contribution of the Clergy to Music in the History of Poland"
Bisztyga, Jerzy (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2015)
Artykuł omawia w sposób syntetyczny wyniki prac zawarte w dwóch artykułach ks. Tadeusza Miazgi (1906–1988): „Skryptorzy ksiąg choralnych w Polsce” i „Wkład duchowieństwa w muzyczną kulturę Polski”. Drugi z tych tekstów zachował się jedynie w maszynopisie i jest przechowywany w Bibliotece Seminarium Duchownego w Sandomierzu. Omawiając dziedzictwo skryptorów ksiąg choralnych w Polsce, Miazga prezentuje podstawowe informacje o ich życiu i twórczości, jak również bardziej ogólne refleksje na temat roli skryptora w dziejach muzyczno-liturgicznych manuskryptów. Katalog wymienia 203 osoby pochodzące zarówno z diecezjalnych, jak i zakonnych środowisk, tworzących od XIII do XIX wieku. Podobny charakter nosi drugie studium Miazgi dotyczące wkładu duchowieństwa w muzyczną kulturę Polski w ciągu wieków. Ten katalog z kolei zawiera 325 nazwisk duchownych działających od XII do XIX wieku. Swoje analizy Miazga opiera głównie na dostępnych w czasie powstawania artykułu informacjach zawartych w słownikach muzycznych Ibińskiego, Sowińskiego, Mizgalskiego i innych. Warto podkreślić, że obydwa artykuły stanowiły publikacje o pionierskim charakterze w polskiej muzykologii.
Wczesnochrześcijańskie elementy poprzedzające Officium Divinum
Bisztyga, Jerzy (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2010)
The article discusses the issue of the early Christian elements preceding the Divine Office, i.e. its main aim is to point out some of the prayer forms included later in the structure of the Liturgy of the Hours. The prayer of the first witnesses of Christ followed the example of their Lord Jesus Christ – the Mediator between God and his people and His commandment: Pray without ceasing. Thus the Christians have always prayed in the name of all and for the good of all. The custom of reciting prayers at fixed hours can be traced to different religions and cultures. Christians probably were in the most part influenced by the Jewish tradition, but some elements of Greek and Roman origin have also found their way to penetrate the structure of Christian prayer; in the ages to follow the elements of different rites in the East and West have contributed to the Divinum Officium as well. It is important to realize that the present elements composing the Divine Office find their roots in those primate forms because it shows the continuity and integrity of the Church’s prayer flowing through the different places and times. It also shows the Church’s fidelity to Her Master’s words and intentions.