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Genealogia Judyty (Jdt 8,1; 9,2) w świetle teologii księgi
Chrostowski, Marcin; Chrostowski, Waldemar; Kowalski, Marcin (Stowarzyszenie Biblistów Polskich, 2021)
Służba Mardocheusza na dziedzińcu Artakserksesa w LXXEst
Chrostowski, Marcin (Stowarzyszenie Biblistów Polskich, 2021)
The Seductive Argumentation of the Adulterous Woman in Prov 7:16–17: Invitation to Love or Preparation for Death?
Chrostowski, Marcin (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2024)
The Book of Proverbs abounds in characteristic and often very ambivalent vocabulary. Ambiguity of symbolism can also be found in smaller thematic units, a particular example being the passage of Prov 7:16–17, in which astrange, adulterous woman encourages a young man to engage in fornication. The terms used in the text for the bed and its decoration also referred to funerary practices. Myrrh was known as an aphrodisiac, but was also associated with funeral rites. When mixed with aloe and cinnamon, it made an ointment used to anoint the bodies of the dead, among other things. Cinnamon, the third ingredient in the perfume in Prov 7:17, was used to eliminate the odour of bodies at burial. The term used to refer to the bed was also used in the description of a burial site. A young man, tempted by a harlot woman to commit adultery, is actually being prepared for death (Prov 7:22– 23, 26–27).
The Term ἀντίψυχος as an Expiatory Sacrifice of Martyrs in the Light of The Fourth Book of Maccabees and Other Ancient Extra-Biblical Literature
Chrostowski, Marcin (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
The Fourth Book of Maccabees (4 Macc) in the description of Eleazar’s prayer, before he suffered a martyr’s death (6:29) as well as the martyrdom of seven brothers and their mother who suffered for the nation (17:21), the term ἀντίψυχος (which means “given in exchange for life”) is used twice. This adjective appears only twice in the Septuagint (LXX), to be precise, in 4 Macc. The context of both passages suggests a broader meaning of the term, translated with reference to a sacrifice of life having a propitiatory, expiatory, vicarious and voluntary character, and even atonement for the sins of the Jewish people. In this article, the subject of expiatory martyrdom in 4 Macc will be taken in the context of the biblical, apocryphal and other ancient texts, with reference to the flow of ideas and terminology of Greco-Roman religion, poetry and philosophy. In addition, possible translations of the term ἀντίψυχος will be analyzed, included in the broader context of Greek and other terminologies, so as to show possible connections between the idea of expiatory martyrdom and the ideas described in the New Testament.
The Woman’s Womb as a Place of God’s Action and Creation
Chrostowski, Marcin (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
In the Hebrew Bible, the woman’s womb is rendered by three main nouns: םֶחר (most often translated as “womb”), ןֶטֶבּ (“belly”) and הֶעֵמ (plural only: םיִעֵמ, “bowels”). Although these terms take on various shades of meaning, they very often refer to the female womb. In this context, they always appear in relation to God, who is particularly active in this field. This article aims to show the ways of God’s creative activity in the female womb, which also takes various metaphorical shades.