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Podstawy teologiczne idei wynagrodzenia w Biblii
Gardocka, Marzena; Gardocka, Renata (Uniwersytet Szczeciński, 2011)
This article presents the Biblical roots of the Catholic doctrine on reward for the sins. In the Old Testament expiation was linked to the cultic activities of priests (individual and communitarian), with the ultimate ceremony in the Jewish feast – Jon Kippur, the Day of Atonement. In the New Testament atonement is linked to the ministry, death and resurrection of Jesus. By the will of God valid so far the cultic economy based on the law has been replaced with the new, based on voluntary suffering and death of Jesus. The sacrifice of Christ cleanses man from sin and makes it able to move closer to God. This allows Christians to continue the process of their sanctification, by the inclusion of their own contributions into His work. The sacrifice of Christ on the cross continues in the Eucharist, maintaining the same power. Growing in the spiritual life, combined with the practice of reward, grew out of the New Testament, and found expression in many streams of spiritual life.
Teologia „wynagradzania” w ujęciu historycznym
Gardocka, Marzena (Uniwersytet Szczeciński, 2009)
This article briefly presents the historical development of the catholic doctrine of reparation. Theological reflection on the atonement offered to the Father by Jesus for sins of the world was present in the Church from the very beginning. The first and most fundamental way in which reparation is understood theologically is as the atonement, expiation, propitiation or satisfaction which Christ has made for us to the Father in his redemptive sacrifice. Such understanding was deep-rooted in the Anselmian theory of the atonement that has emphasized the aspect of divine justice. In later centuries the concept of reparation was combined with the development of cult of the Sacred Heart, approved by the Popes Leon XIII (encyclical Annum Sacrum), Pius XI (encyclical Miserentissimus Redemptor), Pius XII (encyclical Haurietis Aquas). Pope John Paul II connected the idea of reparation to the attribute of divine love and therefore developed theology of mercy. Pope Benedict XVI reaffirmed the connection between the idea of reparation and love towards people as well as Christ’s obedience to the Father’s will as a foundation of the redemptive work of Christ as well as the example for Christians to follow A long history of theological reflection and revelations has shaped our understanding of the reparation today, when the idea of solidarity and pro-existence has been brought to the forefront. Jesus voluntary assumed solidarity with all people to bring them salvation. All His life and His death on the cross were manifestation of His pro-existence.