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Polska hierarchia kościelna wobec zmian na tronie po śmierci Władysława Jagiełły na tle stosunków z Litwą
Graff, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2009)
The hierarchy of the Polish Catholic Church and the changes on the throne after the death of Wladisław Jagiełło on the bases of relations with Lithuania This article considers the reaction of the polish episcopate to the king’s elections in Poland after 1434. The highest prelates accepted Wladisław III and his brother Kazimierz IV but it was a time of power and growing prestige of the polish bishops, especially Zbigniew Oleśnicki (the Bishop of Kraków). The author begins by relating the situation in Poland a few years before Jagiello’s death. Then the article shows the participation of Polish bishops in the most important political events, that had to do with the relationships with the king at that time. The conditions of Jagiello’s sons’ taking the throne were yet undefined. It turns out, that the Polish hierarchy played a crucial role at that moment. Near the end of the article we are show the role of the polish episcopate in the conflict about land near Luck and Podole with Lithuania. The article ends with a short conclusion and a call for more reseraches in the field of the history of the Polish Catholic Church.
Wadowiczanie w Krakowie. Kariera akademicka i kościelna Marcina Wadowity i jego poprzedników
Graff, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
The article discusses the mentions of citizens of Wadowice who, like Karol Wojtyla, followed church of academic carreers. The author examines the period from the close of the Middle Ages till the times of a renown theologian from Wadowice – Marcin Wadowita (died in 1641). He tries to find all the students from Wadowice studying in Cracow at that time. The author, besides the most important facts from the life of Martin Wadowita, describes so far unknown portrait of the professor to be found in Karmelitę Monastery in Krakow. Apart from Wadowita, the article also describes Jakub from Wadowice (died in 1495), a provost in the monastery of canons regular in Kazimierz.
Wpływ kryzysu Kościoła powszechnego na społeczeństwo polskie w pierwszej połowie XV wieku. Wybrane zagadnienia
Graff, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2012)
The author, on the basis of chosen examples, discusses the influence of the crisis in the Universal Church in the 15th century on the conduct of the inhabitants of the Polish Kingdom. A particular emphasis was put on the analysis of the period of so called the Schism of Basel between 1439 and 1449, nevertheless, the period of Pisa and Constance Councils have not been omitted. The author does not only focus on the conduct and attitudes of secular and church elites but also tries to investigate how the religious condition in the Universal Church affected common subjects of Polish monarchs. The author uses examples from the life of townspeople and various monastic communities or religious orders. He extensively elaborates on pardons granted by councils, popes, cardinals and bishops. The author also emphasises the difficulties in interpreting some source documents. The documents dating from the time of the Council of Basel have been subjected to closest scrutiny. The issue so far has not been extensively discussed in subject literature, which motivated the author to try and get some insight into the problem. This is why in effect, only the most interesting aspects for the author have been reflected in the work. Undoubtedly they require further analysis and research especially including manuscript sources.