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Intrygi diabła
Halkowicz, Katarzyna (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2020)
The purpose of this article was to show the intrigues used by the Devil in the fight against human being. The article reminds us that Satan plays the role of troublemaker and perpetrator of all our failures. The Tempter’s methods are also striving for evil, giving it the features of good, in order to give the soul comfort and thus weaken spiritual work. He often uses sin in the form of virtue, chooses names for sin to make them acceptable. The article lists some of Satan’s intrigues: greed, despair, fight with fasting, sadness, hasty, wrong conception of love, destruction of values, violence.
Sakrament kapłaństwa w teologii Ortodoksyjnego Kościoła Koptyjskiego
Halkowicz, Katarzyna; Lipniak, Jarosław M. (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2020)
The aim of this article was to present the sacrament of priesthood in the theology of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The article reminds that the sacrament of the priesthood was founded by Christ, who chose twelve from his disciples and called them apostles. This sacrament is reserved exclusively for men and has got three degrees: the five-degree diaconate, presbyterate and episcopate. The mystery of the priesthood is related to receiving hierarchical gifts through the laying on of hands by the bishop, with the consent and prayerful vigilance of the People of God. It is an indelible grace and the sacrament cannot be repeated. The article emphasizes that in the mysteries founded by Christ, the Holy Spirit heals and transforms those who receive Him. That is why the Orthodox Coptic Church calls the mysteries celebrated the sacraments of faith. Receiving them presupposes human faith and at the same time strengthens and nourishes it. The Coptic Church believes that Jesus Christ himself is in the mysteries celebrated by him.
Wątki ekologiczne w sakramentologii Ortodoksyjnego Kościoła Koptyjskiego
Halkowicz, Katarzyna (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2020)
There are seven sacraments in the Orthodox Coptic Church and they are mentioned in a slightly different order than in the Catholic Church. They are baptism, at which also Confirmation takes place, penance, Eucharist, anointing of the sick, marriage and priesthood. During their administering, nature-inspired signs are used which are water, oil, incense, bread and wine. They have become tools for praising God. Their use during the liturgy makes the People of God exercise their priestly function in relation to creation. Through the liturgy, creation is introduced into its space in a concrete way. The whole creation participates in the liturgy. Not only what is spiritual, but also what is material. A human learns the mystery of God not only through the soul, but also through the senses. There is this visible sign in every sacrament. It is the material thing: water used during baptism, oil used during Confirmation, anointing of the sick or newly ordained priests, bread, wine. But there is also a form that is words spoken during the administered sacrament. We need this, because a human is a sensual being. We need to feel, to touch to understand the mystery revealed to us by God to a higher extent.