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Benedyktyni w diecezji krakowskiej
Kanior, Marian (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 1994)
There were three autonomous Benedictine houses, Św. Krzyż, Sieciechów and Tyniec, and several minor houses (Koniemłoty, Słupia, Sieciechów, Radom, Wąwolnica and Tuchów) in the Diocese of Cracow in its historical confines as extant prior to the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. The wealthiest in terms of the size of its estate was the Abbey of Tyniec. According to its charter, granted by King Casimir the Jagellonian in the fifteenth century, Tyniec Abbey was the feudal lord of five country towns and ninety-six villages. The Abbey of Sieciechów hand only two towns and twenty-two villages, while Św. Krzyż had one town and twenty-eight villages. At the beginning of the 18th century these three abbeys, along with the other Benedictine foundations scattered throughout the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, formed a community known as the Congregano Benedictino-Polona Sanctae Crucis. In the early 19th century all three abbeys were dissolved by the Austrian Partitioning authorities (Tyniec in 1816, and Sieciechów and Św. Krzyż in 1819). In the aftermath of dissolution their libraries and archives were confiscated, while the buildings were allocated to different uses or allowed to fall into ruin. For some years the buildings at Tyniec served as an unofficial residence for the local bishop, and subsequently for a group of Jesuits, until a fire destroyed them in 1831. For a long time the buildings at Św. Krzyż were used as a prison. Only one of these ancient foundations, Tyniec Abbey, was eventually restored: in 1939 — with the assistance of the monks of Zevenkerken Abbey in Belgium. The Benedictine community at Tyniec now consists of 40 monks, of whom 20 are in holy orders. In its capacity as the traditional mother house in the region, Tyniec Abbey still dispenses assistance to the smaller foundations. Its work involves pastoral duties in the local parishes and the holding of retreats, and also activities in teaching, publishing and academic life.
Dzieje Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w latach 1780-1880
Kanior, Marian (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 1993)
Studia teologiczne w Szkole Głównej Krakowskiej 1795-1809
Kanior, Marian (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 1995)
The activities of the Theological School, which became the Faculty of Theology at the Cracow’s Alma Mater in the academic year 1803/4, in the first period under the Austrian partition can be divided into three phases. In the first phase (1795—1800) the theological studies had the organization and program of the Kołłątaj reform of 1783. They were called the Theological School that was a part of Collegium Moralis. The teachers working in the school were nominated by the Commission of National Education. The next phase (1800—1804) is characterised by a gradual Austrian interference in the life and activity of Cracow’s Alma Mater. Because of the dissolution of the Bishops’ Castle Seminary and the Academic Seminary in 1801 and the removal of the alumni to the Diocesan Seminary in Stradom Street the Austrian authorities obliged the professors to teach also in the Diocesan Seminary. In the academic year. 1803/4 the Kołłątaj organization of university studies in Kraków was abolished and in place of Collegium Moralis and Collegium Physicum four departments were created: theology, law, medicine and philosophy. In the next phase (1805—1809) the Lvov University was moved to Kraków and attached to the Cracow’s Alma Mater. The whole structure of studies was completely changed according to the model obligatory in the Austrian Empire. Due to the forceful German trend many Polish professors left the school and the vacant chairs were staffed with the Czech and Austrians. In the Faculty of Theology, besides one Chair of Pastoral Theology directed by a Pole, the remaining chairs were taken by the benedictines from the dissolved abbey in Wiblingen in Swabia.
Ustrój prawno-administracyjny Polskiej Kongregacji Benedyktyńskiej św. Krzyża w XVIII wieku
Kanior, Marian (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1981)
Wydział Teologiczny Akademii Krakowskiej w przededniu reformy kołłątajowskiej
Kanior, Marian (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 1996)
At the Cracovian Academy containing four faculties: theological, juridical, philosophical and medical, till 1780s the most important were the faculties of theology and law. Philosophy was an introduction to the other faculties. Unfortunately, in the school there was an obsolete system of teaching as well as a stagnation in almost all spheres of knowledge. The Bishops of Cracow, as the Great Chancellors of the Cracovian Academy, tried to change this situation. Thanks to the initiative of A. S. Załuski, in 1748, at the Faculty of Law, arose the Chair of the Law of Nature and Nations. After the death of the bishop permanent lectures on the Polish Law were introduced. His successor, Kajetan Soltyk, caused the reform of the Philosophical Faculty in the modem spirit. As a result of the dispute among academicians on the reform of the studies in 1865 the traditional scholastic method was given up in favour of the philosophy of modern authors (R. Descartes, P. Gassend, G. W. Leibnitz, Ch. Wolff). In 1778 the four new chairs were founded. Some efforts were also undertaken to re-establish the organisational-didactic activity both in the Academy and in the so called academically colonies liable to it. To obtain the constitutional superiority of the Academy over its colonies the delegates were sent to Warsaw for the convocation and coronation session of Parliament. Definitely, the reform of the Cracovian Academy, on the order of the Commission of the National Education, was accomplished by H. Kołłątaj in 1780-1783.