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Czym i dla-kogo jest szczęście?
Maryniarczyk, Andrzej (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2011)
Happiness is the subject of consideration in many branches of study. Starting from literature and books of the Bible, and going to the area of theology and philosophy, and especially philosophical anthropology and ethics, as well as humanities, such as psychology, pedagogy and others – we encounter various interpretations of it. The deliberations contained in the present article have been situated on the area of philosophical anthropology, that is metaphysics of man, which means that for this type of analysis it is necessary to connect them with a realistic understanding of man, who, being a personal being, consisting of soul and body, is a manifold potentiality that he actualizes by his autonomous – free and conscious – activities. In the analyses the reader’s attention has been called to the fact that the fulfillment of man’s personal life is a result of various human activities, including scientific-cognitive ones, undertaken in various research areas. For this reason the one gets happiness who tries to be fulfilled as a man: in his cognitive life – discovering the Ultimate Truth; in his emotional life – being united in love with the Supreme Good, and in his contemplative examination – clinging to the Supreme Beauty. Presentation of these problems is preceded with citing the main trends in explaining the issue of happiness that we encounter in philosophy.
Wolność na miarę człowieka
Maryniarczyk, Andrzej (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 1999)
The understanding of human freedom is always entangled in the IMAGE of man accepted earlier. Hence the various notions of freedom that we encounter nowadays stem from the earlier accepted understanding of man. In order to realise this connection, and also for a more profound understanding of WHAT HUMAN FREEDOM IS, four images of man are presented that have been selected from the history of philosophical anthropology. Within the frames of these images various understandings of freedom were formulated. The consequences for the understanding of human freedom resulting from these are also pointed to. For if the understanding of man is not complete, or even utterly false, the understanding of human freedom will be the same, as well as the rules for free activity. And the results may turn out to be harmful, or even tragic for man himself. The answer to thequestion if man will belong to himself or not depends on the proper understanding of freedom and on the choice of proper rules of free activity. And, as Montaigne wrote, „it is the most important thing in the world, to be able to belong to oneself”. The images of man that appeared in history are still alive in contemporary culture. Referring to them allows one to understand better what the basis of truly human freedom is and in what way it manifests itself.