Przeglądaj wg Autor "Myczka, Eugeniusz"

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Biskup Edward O’Rourke wobec społeczności polskiej w b. Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku
Myczka, Eugeniusz (Kuria Metropolitalna Gdańska, 1993)
Z dziejów walki o wiarę i polskość na Pomorzu Gdańskim pod zaborem pruskim II
Myczka, Eugeniusz (Kuria Biskupia w Gdańsku-Oliwie, 1976)
It was in the period of the springtide of nations (1848–1849) that the Polish population, gathered around the Catholic church of St. Joseph in Gdańsk (Danzig), lodged a petition with the bishop of Chełmno, A. Sedlag, demanding the introduction of more Polish sermons and songs into the divine services in the said church (see the article: „On the struggle for Religious Faith and National Consciousness in Pomerania under the Frussian Annexation”, „Studia Gdańskie Nr. 1 1973). After an interval of 35 years this action was taken up again, when in 1885 new petitions were put in and submitted to hishop Marwicz and his successor bishop Redner. Both petition of the years 1885 and 1887 as well as the correspondence between the Overpresident Ernthausen and the bishop of Chełmno Marwicz and Redner is discussed in the above article. Ernsthausen demanded in his correspondence the total elimination of Polish sermons in all churches of Gdańsk (Danzig) and of St. Adalbert. In his reply bishop Redner pointed out such a measure would be inadvisable and could not be put into operation, taking into account that a further neglect of the religious needs of the polish population and the total deprivation of Polish sermons, rare as they so far had been, might most unfavourably affect the morals of the Polish believers. Although in Gdańsk (Danzig) in the period 1850–1835 no petitions were put in and other national activities were rather not numerous though significant, the struggle of the Polish people against germanisation went on in various forms in many towns of the Danzig district like Chełmno, Pelplin, Toruń, Piaseczno and other smaller towns. We can say that at that time the Polish social life expanded and developed in spite of the strong resistance and restrictions put up by the Prussian authorities. Co-operatives, loan banks and similar economical institutions were established to strengthen the base of families, especially those with numerous children. Stress was put on religious and national education. The development of Sciences was also taken care of. The most actively engaged personality in national activities, particularly in education in the second part of the XIX-th century in Pomerania of Gdańsk (Danzig) was Ignacy Łyskowski. In the field of economics again distinguished himself Julian Kraziewicz, who founded in 1862 in Piaseczno the first „agricultural circle". lt was the first organisation of this kind not only in Pomerania but in Poland. This organisation contributed much to the improvement of the economic and social conditions of the Polish paesentry. In the field of sciences the most outstanding figurę was the priest St. Kujot, chairman of the scientific Society in Toruń. The Polish community in Pomerania of Gdańsk conducted also a widespread publication action. There were edited for instance: in Chełmno „Nadwiślanin" (1850—1866), in Toruń „Gazeta Toruńska" (from 1867), in Pelplin „Pielgrzym" (from 1869). The Polish press at that time was in character religious and patriotic. Special mention deserve the secret organisations of the Polish grammer-school youth, which laid stress on self-education in Polish history and literature. From these organisation came many distinguished personalities, engaged later in national activities. Ali these sings and stirrings of national activity around Gdańsk could not remain without influence on this town, and so in the last decades of the XIX-th century the intesity of Polish life in Gdańsk grew and reached finally the level of Pomerania, Major-Poland and Silesia. Such great activity of the Polish community, in which a very important part played the Polish clergy, alarmed the Prussian authorities, who justly perceived in it a threat for the Prussian state. In the years 1871–1887 raged the so-called „culture struggle" directed against the Catholic Church and the Polish society. This was the severest period of oppresion to the Polish people under Prussian annexation. But the stamina of the Polish people lasted it out and survived.
Z dziejów walki o wiarę i polskość pod zaborem pruskim („dialog” diecezjan polskich z biskupem chełmińskim A. Sedlagiem)
Myczka, Eugeniusz (Kuria Biskupia w Gdańsku-Oliwie, 1973)
The Prussian authorities, after having annexed the northern and western parts of Poland, tended to entirely germanize their native population and to turn them into protestants. They tried to achieve their aim by drawing German colonists into the country, substituting German schools for Polish ones, introducing the German language in offices, jurisdiction and even in church-life. In these circumstances the development of Polish culture was seriously handicapped until the thirties of the 19th century. I n those hard times the Polish community found in Christopher Celestin Mrongovius (1768–1855) a valient fighter for their cause, a man of highest merits as explorer and scholar, lecturing Polish first in Elbląg, later in Gdańsk, whose work was to be continued by Florian Ceynowa (1817–1881), particularly in the field of exploring the Kashubian region. To the revival of the national spirit in the revolutionary period, called springtide of nations, contributed particularly the Polish League (Liga Polska), founded in Berlin and acting in the years 1848–1850 in Silesia, Major-Poland (Wielkopolska) and Pomerania. With the increase of national consciousness in Pomerania went hand in hand the cultural and economic activities to improve the standard of living of the Polish population, especially of families with numerous children. Taking advantage of the short period of liberty brought about by the springtide of nations, the Polish community demanded resolutely from the Prussian authorities the restoration of the Polish language in offices, schools and indeed also in the churches. The native population insisted on having sermons, hymns, songs and teaching of religion in Polish. It was mainly a matter of bringing the Polish youth up on principles of Christian ethics. The Polish people submitted their desiderata in form of petitions, from which we are now able to learn much about the conditiones they lived them in. The above article discussed petitions of the Polish population of Pomarania, particularly of Gdańsk, submitted to the bishop A. Sedlag (1834–1856) in the years 1848 and 1849. From the bishops „Appeal” to the Polish members of the diocese of December 26th, 1848, which was the answer to the petition of the diocesans of Toruń, we can gather that there arose a dispute between the German bishop and the Polish community on acount of the want of Polish priests or at least of such as Knew Polish enough to be understood by the Polish population. The bishop argued in his „Appeal" that the whole blame for the lack of Polish priests was to be put on Polish parents, because they didn't send their sons to the theological seminary, whereas the Poles justly maintained that the blame lay entirely in the Prussian system of germanisation, rendering it impossible to educate the Polish youth in the national spirit. Most significant was the fact that the Polish League existed also in Gdańsk, which was severely exposed to the pressure of germanisation. It counted about 228 members. Chairman and the soul of it was a young priest, curate at the church of St. Joseph, Maximilian Królikowski. These facts can be established on the base of the correspondence between the president of the Prussian Regency in Gdańsk, v. Blumenthal, and the bishop A. Sedlag, also on the base of the report of the president of police in Gdańsk, v. Clausewitz, both sources of information having been preserved to our days in the archives. These facts prove the vitality and energy of the Pomeranian community, shown in those dark hours, after the Poles had lost their national independence. At the same time they testified to the impotence of the germanising pressure exercised on the Polish population in order to deprive them of their nationality.