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Amoris laetitia und die Frage wiederverheirateter Geschiedener
Schaupp, Walter (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2017)
Amoris laetitia does not expressly permit or demand in terms of a new binding regulation that remarried divorced persons be admitted to the sacraments. Instead, what is required is a new way of dealing with “irregular situations”, and the document mentions principles which are supposed to serve as guidelines for dealing with individual cases. On the one hand, the article seeks to show that in light of a long running doctrinal development which is now being continued in Amoris laetitia, the admission of remarried divorced persons will be inevitable for the Church. On the other hand, it provides an analysis of the pastoral and moral theological principles which ought to guide and legitimate the “distinction” in individual cases (attention and support; assessment of the situation; maximum inclusion; mitigating circumstances; distinction between the norm and its application). It is argued that from a systematic perspective gradualness can be considered as the key principle from which the other principles can best be understood and integrated.
Autonomie revisited. Zum Spannungsfeld von Autonomie und Fürsorge in der Gesundheitssorge
Schaupp, Walter (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2022)
Autonomy and self-determination of patients are central values of modern health care. In the meantime, however, the limits of the concept of “patient autonomy” have become more and more apparent and the necessity of the “principle of care” is often referred to. Against this background, this article shows in which way the understanding of (patient) autonomy has been reformulated in different stages (“graduated”, “relational”, “assisted” autonomy and autonomy as “authenticity”) to better meet the real issue of autonomy in theory and practice. In summary, it becomes apparent that “autonomy” and “care” should not be seen as rival, but complementary principles of care for the elderly, sick and weak in modern health systems.
Moderne Reproduktionsmedizin – Liberalisierungsprozesse als Zumutung an die Freiheit
Schaupp, Walter (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2015)
The adjustments made in 2015 to the Austrian Law on Reproductive Medicine represent a step towards a liberalization in matters of reproductive medicine, permitting different techniques and applications, but at the same time setting certain limits. The new law serves as an opportunity for generally reflecting on the dynamics in liberal societies and the durability of once determined boundaries in modern states. Although certain techniques remain prohibited in the home country, they are usually provided in some other countries and will thus be “available”. Consequently, the challenge for an ethical reflection is increasingly shifting to the question as to how individuals on their own responsibility will deal with the growing options of reproductive medicine. A responsible handling needs to face the fact that reproductive medicine will have a profound effect on the biographies of present and future human beings. Unlike it is often stated, reproduction and procreation always have a holistic dimension and will sooner or later involve the concerned individuals not merely on a physical, but also on an emotional and personal level. Therefore, an individual ethics of responsibility must not only relate to those consequences which are immediately visible and accessible, but needs to develop a much more comprehensive approach. In addition, it needs to be aware o f the escalation tendencies inherent in these techniques, and of the danger that there might be taken steps which in retrospect clearly seem unjustifiable to the subjects involved.
Umgang mit Reproduktionstechniken aus theologisch-ethischer Sicht
Schaupp, Walter (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2019)
The actual use of reproductive medicine is characterized by the imperatives of a liberal society which safeguards basic values and rights but gives ample space for individual decision-making on the other hand. An absolute moral rejection of In-Vitro-Fertilization and other techniques as we find it in the current Roman-Catholic Magisterium is difficult to defend on the ground of solid ethical argumentation. The aim should be to guarantee a responsible use of these techniques on a high ethical standard. This is not possible without allies among physicians which themselves support a maximum of respect for the beginning life. Moreover the importance of the genetic and biological relationships in the context of egg and sperm donation is gravely underestimated. Splitting up parenthood not only can have serious consequences on a juridical level, it also produces practical problems within the family system which often are not considered adequately at the time when couples make their option for such techniques. On the base of a holistic view of the human being corporeal facts and relations have an immediate effect on a symbolic level. Mother- and fatherhood cannot be seen as mere arbitrary cultural constructs. The respective societal images and roles are rooted in primordial, dense and existential experiences of giving life to someone and owing life to someone which are of high worth and represent an important source of meaning.