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Demokracja, biopolityka i godność ludzka. O etycznym wymiarze aktualnych konfliktów społecznych
Schockenhoff, Eberhard (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2004)
„Sidło się porwało”: wkład wiary w rozumienie wolności
Schockenhoff, Eberhard (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2009)
Theologischer Paradigmenwechsel und neue pastorale Spielräume. Das Nachsynodale Apostolische Schreiben Amoris laetitia
Schockenhoff, Eberhard (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2017)
There are two different key interpretations on post-synodal exhortation Amoris laetitia. The first is based on hermeneutics of the continuation of Church teachings on marriage with the new language, and the second one is connected with a change in the moral message of the objective and static ontology to the theology that more fulfils the readings of the Gospel and are closer to a person’s real life. Pope Francis clearly expresses scepticism over the use of general rules for complex pastoral situations and the deductive method, which uses general truths to takes far-reaching proposals for every detailed situation. A change of paradigm in theology consists in the transition from the speculative-deductive method to the inductive method that attributes more value to the experience and the normative adequacy of single normative statements in the life of people. Amoris laetitia avoids the exaggerated idealism of marriage and demands a change of perspective which does not judge but inspires a direction towards growth, but does not substitute conscience, but rather shapes it. Encouraging personal evaluation of conscience is concerned especially with the problem of providing an opportunity to allow divorced people living in second partnerships to participate in taking the sacrament. The only way to answer this question is through the logic of mercy and integration, that orders discernment over complex situations. The crucial assertion of Amoris laetitia is: „it can no longer simply be said that all those in any «irregular» situation are living in a state of mortal sin and are deprived of sanctifying grace” (no 301). The Pope refers to the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas who emphasizes the circumstances of man’s activities that should be applied in the observance of norms. It is not the ethics of situations, in that the decision about good and evil conduct be left to the freedom of man, but about the resolution of the Neo-Scholastic morality of deeds in favour of the ethics of virtues. The vision of sexuality included in Amoris laetitia is not based on the hamartiology, but on the Thomistic vision of human passions that are itself neither morally bad nor morally good, but becomes the moral through the attitude and action of subject. The justification of the entitlement and the commitment to the pastoral discernment of the complex situations is the logic of mercy.
Vermittelte Unmittelbarkeit. Die Kirche als Zwischenraum zwischen Gott und Mensch?
Schockenhoff, Eberhard (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2017)
Od czasów Schleiermachera istnieje domniemana podstawowa różnica między katolikami i protestantami, stanowiąca przyczynę wszystkich różnic w nauczaniu. W odniesieniu do rozumienia wolności przez Lutra, ta podstawowa różnica znajduje się w Bezpośredniości Człowieka wobec Boga, będąc rezultatem protestanckiego priorytetu o usprawiedliwieniu. Katolickie zrozumienie polega na pośrednictwie Kościoła w zbawieniu. Podążając za teologią katolickiej szkoły w Tübingen w XIX wieku, artykuł ten rozwija koncepcję Pośredniczącej Natychmiastowości. Kościół nie jest przeszkadzającym podmiotem między Bogiem a człowiekiem, ale przez głoszenie Ewangelii i sakramentów Kościół pośredniczy w bezpośredniej odpowiedzi człowieka na Boga. Artykuł weryfikuje zdolność tej teorii poprzez analizę luterańskiego rozumienia Pisma Świętego i wolności.
Was heißt menschenwürdig sterben? Eine Antwort aus der Sicht der katholischen Moraltheologie
Schockenhoff, Eberhard (Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego, 2015)
A crucial category of contemporary medical ethics is the idea of autonomy. The principle point of the physicians activities is neither a duty of respect for the good of the patient (salus aegroti suprema lex), nor his protection against the damages (neminem laedere), nor in the case of doubts the service pro life (in dubio pro vita). Those maxims of physicians’ activities are located in the principal idea for respect of autonomy of the patient. Hardly from this point of view can the physician’s actions gain moral and legal legitimacy. Without the agreement of the patient, based on the information, that is the realization of his autonomy, and that he gives his opinion on the proposition of treatment, the physician does not have a recommendation to action for the betterment of the patient. In spite of the central meaning of the idea of autonomy in contemporary medical ethics, there is incompatibility about its exact significance. The principle of autonomy as a specific rule in Anglo-Saxon ethics is the first of the four bridge principles, which have led to the physicians’ activity. Beside the respect of the patient’s autonomy, there is also the principle of justice which belongs to them, and the maxims of avoiding of damages and the making of good. The present paper talks about the reasons in the discussion about euthanasia connected with the argument of patient autonomy. The author deals with how the meaning of autonomy is presented, goes to the critical reflection about its application into the debates about euthanasia. He discusses the question of whether euthanasia is an expression of the respect of the autonomy of the patient and if it is the only one which helps in this situation. Furthermore the discussion indicates the morally relevant distinction between killing and the permission to die, and the question as to whether assisted suicide is a better alternative than killing on demand.