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Chrześcijańskie Towarzystwo Dobroczynności w Białymstoku i jego działalność podczas pierwszej wojny światowej
Szot, Adam (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2006)
The Charitable Society in Bialystok was established in 1855. Its purpose was to take care about the poor inhabitants of the town, which grew in its dynamic industrial development. In the second half of the 19th century it comprised philanthropists from various nations, denominations, or even religions. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the national composition of the Society changed, only Poles remained. In the August of 1915, during World War One, Białystok was occupied by the German army. The occupation lasted until February 1919. An enormous role in providing a proper care for the poor people and children, war victims, was played by the Charitable Society. It embraced Poles, the Society members, engaged in social and also patriotic activity led by Rev. Antoni Songajłło, the dean and parish priest of Białystok parish church. The Society was financed from the membership fees, lease of the fixed properties owned by the Society, from collections and charitable actions, e.g. theatrical performances, dance parties in gardens and parks, and a lottery. The Society conducted an orphanage in the town. It took care about several dozen children, mostly orphans, but also from pathological families. The Society focused on providing these children with a proper care, living means, creating respective conditions for education. Children were received in the orphanage irrespective of their religion or nationality, although they were brought up in the spirit of Catholic ethics. The centre sheltered also elderly single women who needed care and support. The activity of the Charitable Society during the German occupation in Bialystok (August 1915 – February 1919) brought about notable effects. Owing to its commitment, many children were saved from the perilous effects of the war. Any publications that dealt with the charitable activity in the Białystok region practically ignored this period because there were no sources. The paper is mainly based on the materials from the Archdiocesan Archives in Białystok. They provide a better insight in this period in the history of Białystok and the history of welfare in the Białystok region.
Represje władz komunistycznych wobec zgromadzenia księży salezjanów w Różanymstoku w latach 1945-1958
Szot, Adam (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2005)
From 1919 on the parish in Różanystok was taken over by Salesians. In the inter-war period, despite their pastoral duties, they were occupied with education and formation among the youth, something that was in harmony with the charisma of this congregation. They continued this activity also after the Second World War. After the Episcopal see was transmitted from Vilnius to Białystok, Vilnius Archbishop Romuald Jalbrzykowski established a Lower Theological Seminary in Różanystok in 1949. Salesians were entrusted with the intellectual and spiritual formation of future candidates for the priesthood. Now the state authorities resorted to any form of pressure, sought to limit, or eventually liquidate this institution. In 1950 the state took over the so-called “goods of the dead hand” in Różanystok, i.e. practically the whole parochial benefice together with the livestock and buildings. This had considerably made it difficult for the school to function. On 30,h June 1954 the Lower Seminary was ultimately liquidated. The buildings were given to the newly organised Complex of Agricultural Schools. Any interventions on the part of the parish priest, director. Episcopal Curia in Białystok, lasting for several successive years, had brought no results. Salesians began to regain their estate seized by the communist authorities as late as after the social transformations that took place in Poland in 1989.
Stosunki narodowościowe w archidiecezji wileńskiej w okresie rządów arcybiskupa Romualda Jałbrzykowskiego. Lata 1926-1945
Szot, Adam (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2002)
With the bulla Poloniae unitas of 28th October 1925 Pius XI had laid down a new structure for the Church in Poland, by making all the national borders within the borders of the dioceses. The newly established diocese in Vilnius was very large in terms of its territory. The census of the diocese made for the Church with respect to nationalities and denominations showed clearly that it was diverse. The decisive majority of the population was constituted by Poles, but in many decanates a large percentage covered Lithuanians and Byelorussians. A characteristic trait here was that denominations were not the same as nationalities. Churches and Orthodox churches, synagogues and mosques, evangelical churches and Karaite kineses – this was a plastic expression of that ethnic diversity. The diversity of the population in the archdiocese entailed demands posed to the church authorities, as regards national languages used in the liturgy. In this respect there were many conflicts between the clergy and the Polish, Lithuania, or Byelorussian societies. The clergymen who firmly advocated the Lithuania or Byelorussian nationalities often used their pulpits and temples for national activity. Now and again this activity was even brought to the level of religious practices. The priests were committed to socio-cultural organizations, and political parties. They petitions sent by the representatives of national minorities to express their own claims towards the church hierarchy in Vilnius. Having taken in the office in Vilnius, Abp R. Jalbrzykowski sought to prevent conflicts, even if through his order to teach the Lithuanian language in the Theological Seminary in Vilnius. He was accused of Polonizing and national policy, “which was designed to make the Church Polish.” Especially during the Second World War, the Lithuania and Byelorussian communities were hostile towards the archbishop. The example of that is that the Lithuania church hierarchy remained totally passive when the Wroclaw metropolitan bishop was arrested an interned.