Przeglądaj wg Autor "Szyszka, Tomasz"

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Na styku Ewangelii z kulturami indiańskimi
Szyszka, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyższego Instytutu Teologicznego w Częstochowie, 2014)
The evangelization of Native Americans of the New World from the beginning was closely connected with the conquest and the royal patronage. Native American cultures and civilizations by the power of Spanish Crown were forced to submit to the new rulers and to Christianization. The peaceful contact with Indians was almost impossible. As a result of such a situation, it was almost impossible to evangelize in a normal way (conversion, religious education and inculturation of Christian faith) as it was proposed by the enlightened theologians, of that time, for example José de Acosta. The Native American cultures unfortunately usually were regarded as idolatry. On such foundations originated the phenomenon “of two-faiths” or “of two faces” from which originated profound processes of the religious syncretism. For the long time the fundamental differences between the faith and the Christian world view on the one hand and autochthonous cultures on the other were not fully recognized. The fundamental change in the assessment of autochthonous cultures came only in the second half of the 20th century. Serious steps to put more confidence in the cultural richness of Native Americans were taken on the basis of the teaching of Vaticanum II. Some attempts were made so that Indians may become the active subjects in the life of local churches. Some of these initiatives gave the Church an “Indian Face”.
Rozmaitość znaczeń fenomenu Pachamamy
Szyszka, Tomasz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2022)
During the Synod on the Amazon (Rome 2019), there was a lot of misunderstanding concerning allegedly idolatrous practices performed in relation to wooden statues which by many people were seen as an idol of the Amazonian Pachamama. To respond to these accusations, one must first highlight the differences between ways of understanding of the nature of the Pachamama and the corresponding believes among Andean people, and how Pachamama is seen outside the Andean world? If, under certain conditions, one can be inclined to accept Pachamama as an Andean deity, then the Amazonian goddess Pachamama appears to be a bizarre concept. Firstly, this article will attempt to explain how Pachamama was once understood and how it is interpreted today by the Andean Indians. Secondly, I will try to present how the idea of Pachamama as Mother Earth in terms of environmental protection began to be propagated in the world outside the area of Andean Indians culture and what the repercussions of this movement are. The search for answers, based on solid knowledge, allows us to indicate the difference between the appeal to symbolism and idolatrous religious worship.