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Logika wiary i czynu. Idea i zarys koncepcji teoretycznej
Wybraniec-Skardowska, Urszula (Uniwersytet Opolski. Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego, 2010)
The paper is divided into two parts. In part I are described the roots, ideas and principles allowing to elaborate the theoretical conception of logic of belief and action. In part II are discussed the theoretical assumptions of this conception, the formal-axiomatic frame and the method of construction, allowing to comprehend it as a certain deductive science. Part I is divided into a few sections. In Introduction there is a reference to the triad: knowledge-belief-action from the point of view of an eminent individual, co-creating in an significant way the culture of the whole nation, shaped in its historical development. In Section 2 is presented the silhoutte of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński as an exemplary ideal of the man of belief and action, using individually rational logic: “logic of order” and “logic of vision”, based on the natural logic of a human being, as an exemplary ideal – shaping, strengthening and defending in the previous century the heritage of the Polish culture, religious belief, freedom of people and the sovereignty of the Polish nation. The individual logic used by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński can be framed as usage of logic of belief and action (LB&A), treated as a set of laws describing mutual relations which take place between the notions of ‘belief and ‘action’ (independently of a concrete person). The idea of such logic in historical aspect, described in Section 3, based on views of known philosophers and theologians, is rational interaction of belief and action. In Section 4 the Reader is acquainted with the basic distinguishing of scientific logic, as a deductive science, from natural logic, from which the former one rose in its historical development and which it supports. The laws (theorems) of such a science are objective, though usually based on axioms (postulates) or dogmas (in theology). The purpose of scientific LB&A is making a human being aware of certain objective laws ruling his belief and action, and giving him the possibility to use them consequently. In Sections 4 and 5 it is said about the influence of this logic on individual logic and factors dynamizing the latter one through aspiration to truth and other universal values. Part II starts from a logical analysis of ambiguous terms ‘belief and ‘action’, concentrating on the concepts of religious belief and action as aware activity in a matter or matters of social importance. After outlining the main ideas and basic assumptions of the theoretical conception LB&A as an axiomatic theory the author presents first some axiom systems for 1) logics of belief LB(doxastic logics), next presents 2) logic of action LA and some 3) logics of norms (deontic logics), connected with “duties” concerning actions, in order to outline scientific logic LB&A of belief and action based on the three types of logic l)-3 ) in the end.