Przeglądaj wg Autor "Zachara, Maciej"

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Czy „Tradycja apostolska” jest dokumentem rzymskim?
Zachara, Maciej (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2012)
The so-called Apostolic Tradition is usually considered an element of the history of the liturgy of the Roman Church. This conviction lays ultimately on two presuppositions: on the attribution of the Apostolic Tradition to St. Hippolytus of Rome and on the presence of two postbaptismal anointings in the baptismal ritual of Apostolic Tradition, which is peculiar exclusively to the Roman liturgy. However, none of these presuppositions is certain. The arguments for St. Hippolytus’ authorship are so weak, that this attribution must be considered highly improbable. The presence of two postbaptismal anointings in the Apostolic Tradition can be explained by the complexity of its baptismal ritual which seems to be a conflation of different traditions. On the other hand, the Roman tradition of two postbaptismal anointings is probably due to the episcopal prerogative to administer the confirmation and to the concession given to presbyters to anoint the neophytes with the chrism at the baptisms administered by them. This presbyteral chrismation was afterwards extended to every baptism. Consequently, the origins of the Apostolic Tradition are far from certain and its Roman provenance is by no means proved.
Rozwój obrzędu bierzmowania i jego związek z liturgią chrzcielną w rycie rzymskim od VIII do X wieku na podstawie źródeł liturgicznych
Zachara, Maciej (Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 2012)
The subject of the article is analysis of the rites of confirmation in several sacramentaries and pontificals of the Roman rite from the period between the 8th and the middle of the 10th centuries. During that time the short Roman rite of confirmation, consisting up till then of three basic ritual elements (epicletic prayer, application of chrism to the forehead, the sign of peace) is gradually enriched with new formulas and prayers. In this process the mentality of Frankish and Germanic people is expressed, that prefers longer and more dramatized ritual forms than the ones used in the Roman liturgy up till then. The process of development of the rite of confirmation is also connected with ever more frequent practice of autonomous administering of the rite of confirmation, outside the original context of baptismal liturgy. Especially the development of the final part of the rite, which ultimately assumes the form of a solemn pontifical blessing deserves a special attention, as well as the addition of the preamble opening the rite. The peak of the development is the Romano-Germanic Pontifical coming from the middle of the 10th century, that at the same time is the basis for all the later pontificals of the Roman rite.
Udzielenie Ducha Świętego przez tchnienie w galijskim Mszale z Bobbio oraz w karolińskiej literaturze chrzcielnej
Zachara, Maciej (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2009)