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E se Osea non fosse esistito davvero…? Il neostoricismo negli studi biblici contemporanei – prospettive e inquietudini
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2020)
The article presents an extended review of James M. Bos’s book Reconsidering the Date and the Provenance of the Book of Hosea. The Case for the Persian-Period Yehud, against the backdrop of the issue of the new historicism in biblical studies. After a brief overview of the phenomenon of this new historicism (its genesis and historical development), Bos’s approach is discussed from the point of view of its ideological-philosophical context. Then a detailed analysis of the entire structure of Bos’s book is presented, along with a critical assessment of his reasoning. The author of the article argues that the new historicist approach is completely subjective and wrong, as it absolutizes a philosophical principle without admitting the element of faith or any possibility of coincidence or doubt.
Jahwe – „szybki świadek” w Ml 3,5b na tle literatury międzytestamentalnej i rabinicznej
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016)
The article analyzes the imagery of God as a “swift witness” (Mal 3:5b) against the backdrop of the Jewish biblical, intertestamental, and rabbinic traditions. By adopting the reference to the deuteronomistic institution of the witness which provided surety for the observance of the Sinaitic covenant, the prophet implicitly expresses the advent of a religious crisis signaled by the lack of proper religious identity and by the weakening of the temple institutions created to safeguard and cultivate this identity. The image of God as a “swift witness” who comes to his temple to execute judgment on those who break the Covenant, and to inaugurate the ultimate era of justice, constitutes the prophet’s answer to all those who harbor doubt about God’s justice.
Kim jest oblubieniec w przypowieści o dziesięciu pannach (Mt 25,1-13)? Między tradycyjnymi i współczesnymi próbami zrozumienia
Zawadzki, Arnold (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2019)
The main aim of the article is to present, employing the tools of historical criticism, six problematic “nodes” around which a complex exegesis of the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Mt 25:1-13) has evolved over the centuries. These six problems are: (a) the identity of παρθένοι (the changes in the meaning stemming from the accommodation process); (b) the aspect of competition within a patriarchal society (good or bad?); (c) the bride (present or absent?); (d) the role of the virgins in the wedding procession (the chance of finding a husband, witnesses to the marriage contract, part of the beauty of the wedding ceremony?); (e) lamps or torches?; and (f) the fate of the foolish virgins (punishment or harm?). Moreover, historical criticism also points out a number of problems concerning the critica textus, as well as the intricate process of editing which influenced the understanding of the parable. Yet the most important question, as encapsulated in the article, is the identity and proper understanding of the bridegroom: does this character (as tradition has it) represent Jesus himself or, conversely, might it perhaps serve here as a personification of social injustice?
Massimiliano Scandroglio, Gioele e Amos in dialogo. Inserzioni redazionali di collegamento e aperture interpretative (Analecta Biblica 193; Roma: Gregorian and Biblical Press, 2011). Pp. 443. € 35,00. ISBN 978-88-7653-193-4
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)
Mesjaństwo w Ml 3,1-5 i jego deuteronomistyczna korekta – studium egzegetyczno-historyczne
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2015)
Based on a detailed analysis of Mal 3:1-5, the article attempts to depict a specific function of the socially engaged messianic movement that opposes the incipient crisis of the Judean society in the 5th century BC. As evidenced by the editorial addition in Mal 3:1b-4, the internal discussion went on among the Judean leaders who were concerned about the growing discontent among the population and the subsequent emergence of the prophetic current that with its eschatological and subversive claims could undermine a slow and delicate process of the reconstruction of the country under the watchful and effective control of the Persians. The editorial addition in Mal 3:1-5 reveals the attempt to incorporate the original prophecy of Malachi in the process of extinguishing the embers of the social crisis.
Nowe tłumaczenie i interpretacja Iz 55,3-5. Studium egzegetyczno-historyczne
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2017)
The article proposes a new translation and interpretation of the messianic prophecy in Isa. 55:1-7, whose vv. 3-5 are thoroughly analyzed. The analysis includes not only the meaning of the individual words, but also the syntactic situation of the whole sentences. It was taken into account the problem of the historical context in which Deutero-Isaiah lived, worked and preached his message. This survey is designed to obtain a better understanding of the periscope, a more consistent translation and structure of the whole passage. The study undertakes an inquiry into the question of whether the eternal covenant in Isa. 55:1-7 is the continuation of the Sinaitic Covenant, or rather does its content go beyond the Mosaic Law, creating a totally new relationship of God with Israel. The study also draws attention to the existence of a redactional addition, which shifts the weight of the original message from a revanchist Judeocentrism toward the irenic ethnocentrism typical of the Book of Jonah.
Padlina i sępy. Czy logion Q 17,37 jest biblijnym cytatem (illud dictum), przysłowiem (proverbium), czy znakiem (signum)? Analiza egzegetyczno-teologiczna
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2020)
The article proposes a detailed syntactic and semantic analysis of Matt 24:28 and Luke 17:37c for the purpose of hypothetical reconstructing of the original Semitic (Hebrew and Aramaic) form of the logion Q 17:37. Then it is offered the comparison between the three different hermeneutic opportunities in its understanding within the canonical context, as either biblical quotation/paraphrase (Job 39:30) or proverb or sign. This comparison helps to understand that Q 17:37 fits very well to its literary and theological context from these three points of view. It shows therefore a very great semantic flexibility and makes it difficult to establish its original meaning in the document Q. However, the author of the article argues that the Semitic phrase Q 17:37 with a very high probability functioned both in the document Q and in the canonical context as a quotation/paraphrase of Job 39:30 or as a sign (in the same way as the fig sign in Matt 24:32-33; Luke 21:29-31) rather than as a proverb. The article therefore undermines the classical view that would be consolidated in the modern exegesis on Matt 24:28; Luke 17:37c.
„Sprawiedliwy ginie, a nikt się tym nie przejmuje” (Iz 57,1a) – obraz judejskiej elity w inwektywach Trito-Izajasza (Iz 56–57). Kryzys przywództwa w prowincji Jehud w połowie V wieku przed Chr.
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
The article shows that Isa 56–57 is acollection of five images (56:1–8; 56:9–12; 57:1–2; 57:3–13; 57:14–21) created in variatio style. The introduction presents asingle sentence from Tacitus as an example of the variatio employed and the effort of intellectual reflection that the reader must undertake to understand it. Then an extended exegesis of Isa 56–57 – linking seemingly unconnected passages into acoherent whole – leads to a depiction of the situation of Yehud in the mid-fifth century BC, on the eve of Nehemiah’s reform. The prophecy about the eunuch in Isa 56:1–8 is a historical allusion to Nehemiah and an attempt to give him credence. Indeed, a number of arguments indicate that he may have been considered aeunuch and aforeigner by the Judeans (even if he was not de facto one – the available sources are not conclusive). Receiving a vocation, he is prepared to face asocio-religious crisis. It is mainly acrisis of leadership: those in leadership are degenerate, subject to moral insensitivity, spiritual stupefaction, drunkenness, prostitution and idolatrous practices (child sacrifice, sacred fornication, worship of Moloch), compared to mute dogs, unable to see the impending danger. The negative portrayal of the elite is balanced by positive emphases: the presence of the righteous whose death is not fruitless, the activity of the prophetic community and the announcement of the intervention of God who forgives and proclaims peace. A brief conclusion highlights the theological significance of the texts under study: inclusivity, the death of the righteous (filled with atheology of vicarious suffering), God’s ontic holiness as the basis of mercy, and prophetic inspiration as the activity of God the Creator are some of the theological themes present in Isa 56–57. The article is strictly exegetical and descriptive with elements of humanism and spirituality.
Sprawozdanie z Wiosennych Dni Biblijnych „Radość Ewangelii”, KUL, Lublin, 28 marca 2014
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2015)
Una nuova accezione del verbo עבר in Os 10,11bc
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2019)
The aim of the article is to present the possibility of adding a new meaning to the semantic field of the verb עבר in Hos 10:11bc. After having examined the three translation options of Hos 10:11bc (Marti/Rudolph, Jeremias, Harper/Kwakkel), the author analyses the syntax of the verse in order to propose his own solution. He shows that the antithetic structure of Hos 10,11bc is the key to understanding not only the sense of the verb עבר, used here, but also of the entire verse and its intricated theology.
„Wysmaruję wam twarze gnojówką” (Ml 2,3b). Mowa Boga do kapłanów (Ml 2,1–9) jako manifest reformy Nehemiasza. Kryzys kapłaństwa i degradacja lewitów w pierwszej połowie V wieku przed Chr.
Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
The article aims to demonstrate that Mal 2:1–9 is a manifesto of the reform that led to the degradation of the Levites in Nehemiah’s time (mid-fifth century BC), elevating a new generation of priests, who may have been Sadocites or Aaronites, to the chief priesthood (the OT texts are not conclu sive here). On the one hand, Julius Wellhausen’s theory, which indicates that the degradation of the Lev ites was an aftermath of Josiah’s reform, is challenged, while on the other, certain texts (2 Kgs 23:9–10; texts P and Ezek 44:10–16) are interpreted as a post-exile attempt to archaically project the degradation of the Levites to the pre-exile period. An exegetical analysis further reveals that Mal 2:1–9 (together with some Deuteronomistic texts) is the youngest and last historical testimony to the Levites’ priesthood prior to their degradation. A new translation and interpretation enrich the previous understanding of the pericope. It is also plausible that a close associate of Nehemiah or Nehemiah himself is disguised as Malachi.