The Biblical Annals, 2016, T. 6, nr 1

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    Metaphor as Knowledge. A Hermeneutical Framework for Biblical Exegesis with a Sample Reading from the Song of Songs (Song 8:10)
    Verde, Danilo (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016)
    The main purpose of this article is to provide biblical scholarship with a broad hermeneutical framework concerning the cognitive dimension of metaphorical phenomena. According to current research, metaphor is a tool of knowledge, a way through which the human mind conceptualizes reality. Despite the fact that Cognitive Linguistics (CL) is generally credited with bringing the cognitive dimension of metaphor to light, the discovery of this dimension is by no means recent. This article will show that it already appeared in Aristotle’s work, was blurred in Classical Rhetoric by a more aesthetic perspective, reappeared at the very beginning of the modern age, and finally became dominant in the 20th century. CL is therefore the result of a long tradition that has the merit of clarifying the cognitive mechanisms of metaphorical processes. Its theoretical and methodological model currently represents the reference point for studies on daily and literary metaphors, shedding new light on biblical metaphors. This article shows how CL can be beneficial for biblical exegesis by analysing Song 8:10 in light of this approach.
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    The (Apparent) Absence of Women in the Praise of the Ancestors (Sir 44–49)
    Pudełko, Jolanta Judyta (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016)
    The Praise of the Ancestors (Sir 44–49) offers an interpretation of the story of Biblical Israel as seen through the eyes of Ben Sira. His telling of this story, permeated with God’s working, contains the names of male protagonists only. Still, analysis of textual versions of the Praise of the Ancestors (Hebrew, Greek and Syriac) enables us to detect some anonymous allusions to women (Sir 46:13; 47: 6.19; 48:19, 49:7). The present article attempts to investigate the reasons why there are no named references to Biblical heroines from Israel’s history, individuals who are mentioned in other books of the Bible. One answer might be found in the particular focus and educational purpose of the Praise, which was to provide a life model for young boys. Another reason might lie in the genre of the Praise, which was used in reference to women in Greek texts, but not in the Bible, where the name lists of praised heroes contained male names only. However, the most convincing reason for the absence of female names in the Praise of the Ancestors is found in its association with the priesthood of Biblical Israel. For the writer of the book, true high priests of the Jerusalem Temple constituted the ultimate keystone of the covenant between God and his people. Women, being absent from the official priesthood of Israel, are consequently absent from Sir 44–49.
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    W poszukiwaniu najstarszej literackiej wersji „cudu nad morzem” (Wj 13,17-15,21)
    Lemański, Janusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016)
    The article is dedicated to an analysis and assessment of the newest critical literary research works on Ex 13,17-15,21. The aim is to find the oldest literary version of the event. In the author’s opinion, it is to be searched in Ex 13,20-22; 14,5-7.10bA.11-14,19-20.21aA.24-25.27*.30-31* and attributed to the non-P authors, who place the entire event ‘by the sea’. In this version of events the Israeli people, after crossing the Egyptian border, found themselves in a desert. For the first time they have expressed some fears of their lives, which is known as ‘the motive of complaining’. They show fear of the pharaoh’s army, so Moses urges them not to fear because they would not see the Egyptians more and YHWH would fight for them. The description has a characteristic of a military battle, although the only acting against the Egyptian military power is the God of Israel. Thanks to a strong wind, which blew for the whole night, he dried the sea and the Israelites reached the other bank walking on dry land, when the Egyptians die when trying to escape pointing to the returning sea waters. The events have their own time scheme: night and danger, dawn and salvation. A final effect is showing by the Israelites a fear of YHWH and his servant Moses. In the author’s opinion this version has originated short time before the fall of Babylon and was written according to a motive of ‘the Day of YHWH’ in its version, which was in force in the utterances of prophets of the period of exile and later (the day of judgment of nations, as a beginning of the salvation of Israel).
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    Zdobycie mądrości według Syracha (Syr 6,18-37) Część III: Środki konieczne do zdobycia mądrości (6,32-37)
    Piwowar, Andrzej (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2016)
    The article constitutes the third part of the analysis of Sir 6:18-37 – the pericope in which Sirach presents his reflections on the acquisition of wisdom. Following the admonition addressed to his disciple to undergo wisdom education/formation (6:18-22) and to yield to wisdom itself (6:23-31), the sage enumerates the means that are essential to acquire wisdom (6:32-37). The pericope under analysis here may be divided into three sections. Verses 32-33 refer to a disciple’s freedom and encourage him to make a choice; they motivate him to undertake some actions that will lead to the acquisition of wisdom and they disclose the results of such an effort. In the second section (vv. 34-36) the sage suggests to his disciple concrete means that are necessary for the acquisition of wisdom. The pericope’s closing verse (v. 37) focuses on God’s role in the process. The first and most important step on the way to the acquisition of wisdom is listening (6:33.35). Subsequently, Sirach emphasizes the role played in the acquisition of wisdom by the elders (6:34) and sages (6:36) as well as by the contemplation of God’s commandments (6:37).