Scripta Biblica et Orientalia, 2012, T. 4

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    Dwie nowe inskrypcje fenickie z Ibizy
    Baranowski, Krzysztof (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012)
    The 2003 archaeological campaign in Puig des Molins-a Punic necropolis in Ibiza-yielded two inscriptions, both of which were published recently in a volume of studies dedicated to M. H. Fantar. The first inscription (7th cent. B.C.E.) is a bone door-plaque inscribed with dedication to Eshmun-Melqart, a seldom attested Phoenician “double deity.” Among the text’s distinctive features is the donor’s genealogy which goes back six generations and contains rare and archaic names. The second inscription (3rd cent. B.C.E.), engraved on the pedestal of a missing statue, is also dedicatory. The people of tg’lbn-an as-yet unidentified locale-offered the statue to the Tyrian deity Melqart in the fulfillment of a vow. The two inscriptions attest to the mosaic-like complexity of the origins of the Phoenician population of Ibiza. The first inscription contains Cypriote elements (the relative pronoun with prosthetic aleph, and a dedication to a deity attested mainly in Cyprus) while the second preserves the memory to Tyre by invoking its principal patron-deity.
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    Egipskie panowanie w Kanaanie późnego okresu epoki brązu – przykład ekonomicznej eksploatacji i politycznego uzależnienia. Próba syntezy
    Bieniada, Michał (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012)
    Late Bronze Age in Canaan was a period of strong political and economic dominance of Egypt. Long term economic exploitation of the land of Canaan and Egyptian policy effected in appearance and maintenance of pathological socio-economic and demographic phenomena. With the end of Egyptian rule in Canaan the system which functioned mainly thanks to its inference collapsed. The huge part of Canaan’s population which hitherto lived on a fringe of civilization as refugees and outlaws faced a new reality and new possibilities. They were the foundation of a new demographic movement which gave birth to the new ethnic identities of the Iron Age.
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    Osadnictwo w Khirbet Qumran w okresie żelaza II
    Burdajewicz, Mariusz (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012)
    The archaeology and history of Qumran has a long history in a heated academic discourse regarding first and foremost the Late Hellenistic – Early Roman period of the settlement, a part of which would correspond with the Essene habitation. The goal of this article is to present an overview of the available historical sources and archaeological fi nds concerning the somewhat neglected period of the site’s history, namely the Iron Age. The following points are discussed: the possible identification of the site in the biblical accounts, the character of the settlement and its chronology. While there is still no consensus as to the original, ancient name of the settlement, the excavator’s interpretation of the site as a military fort of the kingdom of Judah, has been questioned in recent years and some new hypothesis have been put forward. As for the chronology of the settlement, the proposal of R. de Vaux of its dating to the Iron Age II seems to be valid in general outline. The recent comparative analysis of the pottery sherds shows their very close typological affinities with the pottery assemblages coming from other, well datable strata of the sites in Judah, and from Jerusalem in particular. The close examination by the present author of the unpublished diagnostic pottery sherds from Qumran has also made possible to narrow down the date of the founding of the settlement to around the middle of the seventh century BC at the latest, and its end to not later than the Babylonian conquest of Judah and Jerusalem in 586 BC.
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