Teologia w Polsce, 2009, Tom 3, nr 1

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Przeglądaj Teologia w Polsce, 2009, Tom 3, nr 1 wg Temat "Angelic Doctor"

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    Czy Doktor Anielski nie doceniał Chrystusa?
    Paluch, Michał (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2009)
    “Did the Angelic Doctor Underestimate Christ?” examines the role of Christology in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. At the end of the Summa Theologica, Aquinas offers a discussion of the Incarnation in which he tends toward the view that Christ would not have taken human form had man not sinned. This position gives rise to the suspicion that the Dominican treated the Incarnation too lightly; that he understood it instrumentally, merely as a means to resolve the “problem” of sin. The author shows that the position accorded to the discussion of Christ in Aquinas’s work comes out of St. Thomas’ approach to Salvation History as a whole. The style of reasoning known as ex convenientia (“from suitability”), common among medieval theologians, permitted them to regard their interpretations of Salvation History as belonging to scientia in the Aristotelian sense while also allowing them to produce a balanced, two-sided analysis of every event. On the one hand, the Incarnation was deemed not absolutely necessary, since a transcendent God cannot be constrained by any one scenario. On the other hand, it was considered consistent with the logic of the divine design of love for Christ to have assumed a human nature. This bilateral analysis enabled theologians to admire the Incarnation as an act performed by God out of love, in freedom. The influence of G.F. Hegel’s metaphysics has caused the suggestion that the Incarnation was not absolutely necessary to appear suspect. Theologians inspired by the synthesis of the sage from Berlin tend to see the Incarnation as part of a necessary process. The metaphysical perspective they occupy – different from that of Aquinas – usually yields a distorted view of the medieval master. Yet St. Thomas’ approach to Salvation History, in which respect for God’s transcendence and appreciation for divine freedom each have a place, remains the more interesting and well-balanced proposition and should have a prominent voice in contemporary discussions.
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    Niepokalane Poczęcie Maryi jako problem teologiczny w okresie scholastyki
    Drzyżdżyk, Szymon (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II & Towarzystwo Teologów Dogmatyków, 2009)
    December 8, 2009 marks the 155th anniversary of the proclamation of a dogma of the Immaculate Conception of St. Mary. Such an anniversary is an occasion to come back to this difficult issue of theology and recollect the discussions and debates which resulted in Pius IX’s bull Ineffabilis Deus, followed by the proclamation of his dogma. The problem of original sanctity of the Mother of God became an issue of special interest to theologians who study Mariology. Reflection on the sanctity of Mary was the very source of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. This was closely related to introducing such notions as being preserved from sin – praeservatio and preservative redemption – praeredemptio. Theologians began to study this issue as the feast of St. Mary’s Conception was spreading form East to West. The basic problem that theology faced in order to properly interpret this issue was the teaching about the generality of the original sin, and as a result, the need of general redemption. Another problem at that time was anthropology, according to which man was given a soul only after some time following the conception. John Duns Scot, a Franciscan monk, proposed a solution. His arguments, just as the arguments of his opponents, were based on the special dignity of Christ. His understanding of it, however, was that that taking St. Mary out of the general rule of sin will not deprive Christ of his glory, but multiply it. By „freeing” God’s activity from time frames he maintained that St. Mary in conceiving Christ was saved from sin, and this happened because of the expected merits of her Son’s Passion.