Verbum Vitae, 2014, T. 25
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Pozycja „Aby służył i strzegł” (Rdz 2,15). Praca jako powołanie człowieka w świetle Rdz 1-2Napora, Krzysztof (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)Human work is commonly considered to be a painful consequence of the first couple disobedience in the garden of Eden. In our short essay we are trying analyze the issue of human work as it is described in the creation narratives in Gen. 1-2. The starting point for this analysis is God’s work of creation. It designates the point of reference for every human activity. In various pictures these introductory chapters of Genesis express the idea that human being is created and called to cooperate with God-Creator in God’s work of creation. Human efforts to dominate and to subdue the earth should aim at unceasing actualization of God’s plan of salvation for the world.Pozycja Człowiek leniwy na tle wzorów pracowitości (Prz 6,6-11)Piwowar, Andrzej (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)The article presents the Book of Proverb’s teachings concerning work and laziness. The analysis is based on the pericope of Prov. 6:6-11 which focuses on the juxtaposition of human sloth and animals’ industriousness. The text shows human work in its extremes and expresses the author’s most significant ideas concerning the aspect analyzed here. The article begins with the synthesis of what the didactic books of the Old Testament teach about work, with particular emphasis on the Book of Proverbs. The article then offers an exegetical analysis of the selected pericope, including the Greek text of Prov. 6:8a-c, where the book’s translator mentions another model of diligence alongside the ant, namely the bee. Prov. 26:13-16 is also referred to here, for the text plays a significant role in completing the picture of lazy man.Pozycja „Idź i pracuj w mojej winnicy” (Mt 21,28). Praca w przypowieściach Ewangelii synoptycznychPodeszwa, Paweł (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)Parables occupy a significant place in Jesus’ prophesizing and teachings about the Kingdom of God. One of their characteristic traits, as a literary genre, are references to Jesus’ and His listeners’ daily lives. The article presents the analysis of the synoptic parables focused on human work. The material has been divided into two major parts. The first one analyzes the occupations referred to in the parables and the type of work they involve. The second one reflects on the elements of labor law, in particular the employment contracts and related remuneration. The analyzed parables constitute a unique kaleidoscope of occupations existing in the society of the time. Among them, of particular prominence are those connected with land cultivation and farming, such as farmer, sower, harvester, gardener, vineyard keeper and shepherd. Moreover, Jesus’ parables include other occupations such as fisherman, manager, judge, merchant, and banker. Jesus also refers to jobs and tasks such as guarding and opening the doors (doorkeeper), preparing a feast, waiting tables, taking care of the house, making bread dough, tower building, playing dance music at weddings, wailing and lamenting at funerals. Drawing on Jesus’ parables, one can also notice a wide range of different categories of people who performed particular jobs and tasks. A reference is made to a field owner, vineyard owner, house owner, manager who on behalf of the host administers goods, lease holders, hired and seasonal workers and servants (slaves). The parables also show us the ways of providing reward for work. Servants often performed their duties in exchange for accommodation and food; lease holders in exchange for profit sharing, whereas hired and seasonal workers in exchange for a fixed remuneration. Should the Bible be seen as a specific album presenting photographs of working people, then Jesus’ parables are undoubtedly of particular interest.Pozycja Janowe rozumienie pracy Boga i człowieka. Studium zastosowania terminów ἐργάζομαι oraz ἔργον w czwartej EwangeliiKubiś, Adam (1976- ) (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)The article deals with the concept of work as reflected in the Fourth Gospel, encompassing the two cognate lexemes ἐργάζομαι and ἔργον. The analysis is organized according to the subjects who are performing a given work, to wit: the Father, the Son, Jesus’ disciples (including Abraham) and, finally, the people hostile toward God, designated in the Gospel by the general term world. Interestingly enough, both of the studied lexemes appear in John’s Gospel only on the lips of Jesus. Additionally, as it turns out, the Johannine concept of work covers a whole range of meanings: the activity of the Father and the Son (who give life and perform judgment), the salvific mission of the Son, Jesus’ teaching and his obedience to the Father’s will, miraculous healings, human deeds in general (both good or bad), disciples’ fulfillment of God’s will, meaning primarily their faith in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God. In a nutshell, the very essence of the work of the Father and the Son (and continued by Jesus’ disciples) can be encapsulated in the concept of salvation.Pozycja Robotnik na wynagrodzeniu w Ml 3,5 jako symbol kryzysu społecznego w 1 poł. V w. przed Chr.Zawadzki, Arnold (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)The main aim of the article is to illustrate the social crisis in the 5th century BC, whose symbol in Mal 3,5 is a hireling working for wages. The grammatical and syntactic analysis of the expression śəḵar-śāḵîr helps to elucidate the situation of the hireling in the 5th century BC brought almost to the status of slave. The editorial addition, identifiable in Mal 3,1-5, is in turn the evidence of attempt to incorporate the original prophecy of Malachi in the process of extinguishing the embers of the social crisis.Pozycja Wartość pracy w nauczaniu św. PawłaStasiak, Sławomir (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2014)Paul, when writing about work and the Gospel he preached, does not give a systematic lecture on this topic, however he recognizes their close relationship. Above all, he sees in work the source of livelihood. He decisively follows the norms elaborated in Judaism, not in the Greek world. Work is not an insult to a human being or a chore, at best, but it is a noble occupation that gives maintenance. The Apostle himself assumes this attitude (1 Cor 4:11-12). He is not the only example of preacher, who works with his own hands to maintain himself. Another one is Barnabas (1 Cor 9:6). He also encourages the faithful to have such an attitude (2 Thess 3:7-8). The Apostle, however, combines employment with the proclamation of the Gospel (1 Thess 2:9). The absolute priority in his missionary activity is to proclaim the Good News, which is called the work of God. The closest associates of the Apostle are also involved in the transmission of the message (1 Cor 16,10), and it is they who contribute to making the soil of Church fertile. The content of the Christian life is a practical application of the adopted Gospel, that is, doing good (Rom 2:10). As a specific example of his sorrow (2 Cor 7:10) Paul shows how such a condition can lead to conversion, which is the fruit of the adopted Gospel. Another result of the adoption and the new man creation is the avoidance of sins (Eph. 4.28 ). However, it is not the reason for boasting, because everything has to be done from the heart, as for the Lord (Col 3:23-24 ). The encouragement to work with your own hands still remains valid (1 Thess 4:11), because it stems from the faith in Jesus Christ. However, there is always a danger of abandoning work for various reasons and dealing with unnecessary things (2 Thess 3:11-12). Therefore, it is crucial to follow continuously the attitudes of our teachers of faith.