Studia Theologica Varsaviensia, 1985, R. 23, nr 1

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Przeglądaj Studia Theologica Varsaviensia, 1985, R. 23, nr 1 wg Temat "architektura sakralna"

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    Kościół popauliński świętego Ludwika we Włodawie – charakterystyka i geneza architektury
    Zadrożny, Tadeusz (Akademia Teologii Katolickiej w Warszawie, 1985)
    The aim of the article is criticism and revision of certain opinions related not only to the former Paulite church of St. Louis at Włodawa, but, on a small scale, the central architecture in 16-18 centuries as well. The present writer bases it on rich resources of collected and selected archival materials, on the thorough formal analysis of the object, its spatial scheme, construction, and composition of the interior and review and his own classification of central sacral realizations in 16-18 centuries in Europe. The Wlodavian church was erected in 1741-1752 basing on the plans and under supervision of Paweł Antoni Fontana, the architect in ordinary of prince Paweł Karol Sanguszko, the Great Lithuanian Marshall. The octogonal nave is an unusual architectural form among sacral object of Polish province of Paulites. This form is token of respect the local patrons bestowed the parish church of St. Aima at Lubartów, a similar work of the same architect, which was consecrated three years before in 1738. Both the Late-Baroque churches and other churches of the Lublinian Group: the former Piarist parish church of the Sending out of the Apostoles at Chełm Lubelski, the former Shoud Carmelite Church of St. Elias at Lublin and the former Brigittine church of Annunciation at Brześć Litewski, which do not exist any more, are Characterized by: a. plan based on longal octogon combined with a cross, b. scheme of constraction based on a system of eight nave piers and a vault connected with them by two half-domes joined by a central arch, c. articulation emphasizing the predominant role of the nave: pilasters in a great order and an entablature repeating the octogonal plan, d. the line of arcades of the interior in alternating system with reference to the arras of the cross i.e. sanctuary, entrance middle chapels and four low diagonal chapels. In those churches the type of interior with the predominant role of the nave was realized just 0» ln S. Anna del Palafrenieri in Roma (G. B. da Vignola), abbey church of St. Josef Mala Strana in Prague (J. B. Mathey), chapel of the College des Quatre Nations in Paris (L. Le Vau), Superga near Turin (F. Juvarra), Holy Trinity in Salzburg and St. Charles Borrameo in Vienna (Dreifaltigkeistkirche and Karlskirche, J. B. Fischer von Erlach), Seminary Church at Linz (Priesteiseminarkirche, J. L. von Hildebrandt). P. A. Fontana’s concept, realized at Lubarów, Włodawa, Brześć Litewski, Chełm Lubelski and Lublin, was in principle different from the interior of the former Camedolite church in Warsaw-Bielany, in which articulation is uniform in the nave, sanctuary, entrance and middle chapels and emphasizes predominant role of the cross. Works of P. A. Fontana are also different from the known examples of Austrian central architecture in the first half of 18 century, in the past considered to be a model for them. The building experience gathered by the architect in his home land from childhood is more important than possible Austrian inspirations. General and detailed studies of P. A. Fontana’s work ought to explain the origin of the structure of the Wlodavian church. G. Guarlnl’s design for the sanctuary della Consolata in Turin was probably used as a model for the nave vault. H ie situation of each church conditioned the mass of the Lublinian Group churohes, the fronts were effected by contemporary Polish works of architecture.