Theological Research, 2019, Vol. 7
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Pozycja Between Ideology and Utopia. Recent Discussions on John Paul II’s Theology of the NationRojek, Paweł (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)In my book Liturgia dziejów [The Liturgy of History] I proposed an interpretation of the thought of John Paul II in terms of Polish messianism. The book sparked many interesting discussions. In this article, I attempt to address some doubts about my interpretation of John Paul II’s theology of the nation. First, I clear up certain misunderstandings related to the ontological status of the nation. Then, I defend the necessary political dimension of Christianity. Finally, I point out the essentially utopian nature of Polish messianism. I aim to show that – contrary to the suggestions of some critics – a properly understood theology of the nation of John Paul II does not lead to the subordination of religion to politics; just the opposite, it provides criteria for Christian evaluation for any political order.Pozycja The historical dispute over Polish Messianism and John Paul II’s thoughtWawrzynowicz, Andrzej (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)The paper addresses the problem of historical role and impact of John Paul II’s teachings on the dispute over Polish messianism which has been consistently present in the Polish literature and philosophy over the past two centuries. The article is an attempt to determine the pope’s actual contribution to the development of the idea of Polish messianism, and evaluate the ultimate significance of this contribution within a broad perspective of the evolution of Polish political thought during the latter part of the twentieth and early decades of the twenty first centuries. The starting point in the discussion is the contemporary historical-philosophical research in this field, and the final conclusions are oriented towards the philosophical qualification of the most recent attempts to revive the messianist ideology on the basis of papal thought.Pozycja Jean-Paul II: messianisme ou universalisme éthique?Masłowski, Michał (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)Paweł Rojek in his book Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History] reveals the importance of the Polish romantic messianism for the thought of John Paul II. He carefully defends this tradition against the popular charge of heresy, and argue that in fact it preceded the formulation of Catholic social teaching and some crucial doctrines of the Second Vatican Council. In the longest chapter of his book, Rojek developes “Messianism of Work,” an idea very close to me. For John Paul II the Eucharist was an inspiring symbol of cooperation of God and man in the history. In this paper, however, I rise some fundamental doubts concerning Rojek’s interpretation. First, he seems to adopt a false theology of nation in which nations are thought as kind of persons. Second, he suggests that John Paul II supported an alleged “third way” between communism and capitalism. Finally, he neglects the universalistic dimension of papal vision. In result, messianism in this interpretation might function not as dynamic universalistic utopia, but rather static, nationalistic ideology.Pozycja John Paul II and the Polish Messianism. Introduction to the Liturgy of HistoryRojek, Paweł (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)Karol Wojtyła, before he was ordained for a priest, was, as everybody knows, an amateur poet, a promising playwright, and an outstanding actor. It is not widely acknowledged, though, that he was also deeply influenced by Romantic Messianism, an original complex of philosophical, religious and social ideas, created by a number of nineteenth-century Polish poets and thinkers. Quite surprisingly, Polish commentators of John Paul II usually disregard this particular context, because, as they believed, it might somehow undermine the universal meaning of the pope’s teaching. Contrary to this view, I propose a program of systematic study of messianic influences on John Paul II. I believe that Polish Romantic Messianism is the key to understanding the thought of the Polish pope. I argue that John Paul II in his theology of history, theology of suffering, and theology of the nation actually developed three crucial ideas of Polish Messianism: millenarism, passionism and missionism. It seems, then, that the work of John Paul II, as the final form of Polish Messianism, is also the key to understanding the heritage of Polish Romantic thought.Pozycja Messianism and Modernity. Commentary to the Liturgy of HistorySuskiewicz, Marcin (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)In his recent book Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History], Paweł Rojek argues that Karol Wojtyła was to a large extent influenced by Polish Messianism. Although Rojek’s argument centres around this rather historical thesis, his book is essential reading not only for students of John Paul II’s legacy but anyone interested in the relationship between Christianity and modernity. It is so, because Polish Messianism, according to Rojek, was an early project of Christian modernity. By taking inspiration from the Messianists, Wojtyła was able to combine religious perspective with modern anthropocentrism.Pozycja Remarks on Some Aspects of MessianismEhrlich, Emilia (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)This is an English translation of a paper by Emilia Ehrlich OSU (1924–2006), a long-time secretary and close associate of John Paul II, published in Polish in 1982. Ehrlich reviews the history of Polish Messianism and propounds its original theological interpretation. She compares Polish messianic ideas with the biblical sense of Messianism as well as with the concept of the messianic people found in the documents of Second Vatican Council and developed by Cardinal Karol Wojtyła in his Sources of Renewal. The teaching of the three offices of Christ, as she argues, allows a new theological assessment of many claims of Polish Messianism.Pozycja Visione messianica e realismo della storia in Giovanni Paolo IISignifredi, Massimiliano (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, 2019)Paweł Rojek in his Liturgia dziejów [Liturgy of History] rightly pointed the importance of Polish messianism for the understanding of John Paul II. It is especially convincing when one consider the early poetry of the future Pope, the testimony of his personal secretary sister Emilia Ehrlich, and the importance of suffering, both in theological reflexion, and personal life of John Paul II. Nevertheless, papal messianism was a very special kind. First, the concept of nation, adopted by John Paul II, did not exclude the universal dimension of humanity. The pope applied the principles of his theology of nation not only for Poland, but also for many others nations, and in many occasions prised the multinational political formations. Secondly, for him, the missions of nations were connected rather with martyrdom than historical victories. Most importantly, John Paul II united the messianistic vision with a very realistic approach to the history. In result, his ideas turned out to be a fatal threat for communist regimes in Eastern Europe. The Solidarity movement in Poland, inspired by John Paul II, might be seen as an attempt of realisation of this specific messianistic vision.