Wartości moralne religii pozachrześcijańskich

Abstract

The author discusses two issues in the present paper, namely conscience as a principle of moral conduct and religious moral sanctions. It man’s conscience, he is endowed with an ability to create norms but also in a need to support these norms with religious moral sanctions, especially the faith in divine authority that defends the moral order and after-life. Conscience as an inner defender of moral behaviour objectivizes and transforms itself into transcendence, it surpasses our „I” and acts as a transcendent power in the co-existence of the mechanisms of human psyche, imagination, association, fantasy, myth, images of gods, which see everything and know everything, getting to know the human heart and the motives of human activities. They evaluate, award, forgive or punish. Here, one can see the basis or at least a stimulating element of the creation of religious values while understanding religion as a value. Conscience appears as a substituting authority and potential, as „energy” in the view of Eastern Fathers of the Church and teachers, as a sort of cratophany, through which God reveals Himself to man and lets the latter understand Him as much as human intelligence allows it.