Spór o prawdę w myśli starożytnej Grecji

Abstract

Searching for the truth was not only characteristic of the mentality of ancient Greece. However, it is the practical and theoretical resolution of the ancient Greeks gave their search for the nature of the dispute, which in fact gave rise to science, described as the love of wisdom (philosophy). As the first in this dispute should be replaced Ionian philosophers of nature, trying to reach the first cause of all things (arche). Specific context of the question of truth was the Athenian democracy, which ultimately pointed to the knowledge of objective truth as the basis and essential principle of social order. This context allows to better understand more clearly now polarizing the two trends - pessimistic, represented by the sceptics, the inability proclaim the truth as a principle and optimistic, telling not only the possibility of cognition, but actually a necessity. And so Socrates comes to the identification of intellectually cognized the truth of virtue (moral rationalism), and Plato, speaking of self-knowledge inherent in man, maintains that in science the most important is to understand the idea of eternal, unchanging. Finally, Aristotle defines truth as compliance, the adequacy of the contents of the court with the real state of things, which this court applies, but this will be fully appreciated only by the scholastic champions.