Poglądy społeczno-polityczne kardynała Prymasa Augusta Hlonda (1926-1948)

Abstract

Cardinal Hlond, prominent figure, was often under examination by historians of the Church and Poland in XX century under many aspects. For Poland and whole Easter Europe history dramatic events, which happened in period 1948-1990, shifted in explorers’ eyes position of Hlond on the second position. Despite of this Holy Father John Paul II during his first pilgrimage to Poland in June 1979, in Gniezno stressed momentous part of teaching as well as acts of this “the great Primate Bishop of Polish independents, Poland of twentieth years of XX century, Poland occupied” The author of present article, not being the theologian, but the historian of political thought, focuses on the principle plot which it was not in historiography analysed up to here, and namely on the Cardinal’s and opinions sociopolitical conceptions. Alone Hlond, despite that he outdistanced officially often oneself from “direct” he presented the policies, strength of thing concrete opinions in this matter, be likings antipathies. It could not anyway be differently because the position of primatial office was in that tense too great, doubtlessly topping the authority of change Presidents and Prime Ministers of Poland. Seems, that only Paderewski and Piłsudski they had in eyes of public opinion comparable with Primate position. The aim of this article is analysing is relation Cardinal Hlond to the most essential problems nation and state Polish it in period of prosecution by him Primate’s service. Interesting is his relation to Jozef Piłsudski, President of Second Rzeczypospolita Ignacy Mościcki as well as government of Piłsudski people and “the sanitation” in summers 1926-1939. Next the Primate’s opinions on pre-war the antysanation opposition (Witos, Paderewski, Korfanty, Endecja, Chadecja), the parliamentary democracy, system of the constitution of RP, the neighbors and the most important international partners of Poland (Germany, Soviet Russia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Italy and France), at last his relation to fascism (Italian), the nazism and communism. In more far order – analysing period second world war we – will concentrate on efforts of Hlond connected from it saving Polish matter, and therefore on his opinions in the face of III Rzesza, Polish emigration government and approaching easterly communism. To the end (period 1945-1948) we will subject analysis to new post-war constitutional reality Primate’s relation, anticommunist opposition (Mikołajczyk, Popiel), border on Odra and Nysa, West and North part of Poland’s border as well as Jewish and German people.