Wspólnotowe i prywatne rytuały w sanktuariach ziemi u ludu Konkomba z północnej Ghany

Abstract

The subject of the paper is based on field studies interpretation of rituals celebrated in Earth shrines of the Konkomba people of northern Ghana. The first part presents three community rituals in the villages of Sobib, Gbadagbam and Bwagbaln. Their aim is the welfare of the whole lineage, clan and supraclan community. The next part analyzes and interprets the private ritual performed in the village of Puo Tindaando. The rituals analyzed here show a distinct difference between community and private rituals performed among the Konkomba people. The rituals in the villages of Gbadagbam and Bwagbaln were carried out on the day of sakpa, which is a feast day for many clans of the Konkomba. The rituals of private character can take place on any day of the six-day week. The rituals in the villages of Sobib and Gbadagbam were of a limited lineage and clan range. On the other hand, the ritual in the village of Bwagbaln was of supraclan character. Community rituals involve a greater numberof elders and other people. The oldest present participants usually begin the rite cycles. A decisive role in community rituals is played by Earth priests or the elders performing the function of Earth priests. The ritual of Puo Tindaando was a private matter of three relatively young men, who presented their personal problems in the initial prayer. The ceremonial character of the community rituals at Sobib, Gbadagbam and Bwagbaln contrasts with a modest ritual framework of private ritual at Puo Tindaando.