Koraniczne określenia i charakterystyki poza-arabskich wyznawców monoteizmu biblijnego

Abstract

In this essay the author presents some systematically and chronologically arranged texts of the Qurᶜān, where are contained names and characteristics of non-Arabic believers of the Biblical monotheism, these of Banu Israel (The Sons, the Children of Israel), Hādu, al-Yahūdū (the Jews), an-Nasārā (the Christians) and ahlu-l-kitābi (The Possessors, The People of the Book). The Jews and the Christians are shown in the contents of these texts as historical receivers of the Biblical revelation which had been commenced with Abraham and was continued with Moses and recently with Muhammad in the Qurᶜān. The anther of the Qurᶜān (Muhammad) esteems positively the original monotheism of Jews and Christians, but he accuses them for their inobedience towards the Divine Covenant and Commandments, for their sins and for their changement and even falsification of some revealed truths, especially for Jewish idolatry in Sinai and Christian belief in Jesus Son of Mary Divinity. In these Qurᶜānic declarations there are pointed out some quarrels and disputes among Jews and Christians which have to be resolved by the recent Qurᶜānic revelation and finally on the Doomsday (the Day of Last Judgment). There are prepared severe divine punishments for the Possessors of the Book who change the ancient revelations and who reject the revealed Qurᶜānic teaching. The original feature of this essay is the systatical arrangement of individual topics connected with separated terms concerning the non-Arabic believers of the Biblical monotheism and also the comparison of common elements perceived in talked about declarations. Owing to performed here analysis of respective Qurᶜānic texts, the author shows some ideological and religious premises for the genesis of Muhammad's and, later on, his political and religious successors' attitude towards the non-Arabic Possessors of the Bible who rejected the Qurᶜānic revelation. This special Muslim attitude is pretended to be the main cause of practical consequences in later history.