Małopolska i Węgry w czasach Kingi

Abstract

The thiteenth centry is characterised by some important events for history of Central Eastern Europe – Mongol invasions, political and military rivalry between Czech and Hungarian Kingdom, and permanent fights among Polish region princes. Their consequences were casualties and material loss. At the same time Southern Poland, Bohemia and the Upper Hungary (Slovak territory) experienced for the thirteenth century a period of rapid development of the rural settlement and of the towns. There could be observed the development of exploitation of salt, mining and metallurgy of iron, timber, wool and other goods in Little Poland of the thirteenth century. Boleslav V (the Shy) prince of the Cracow duchy was threatened with his uncle Konrad I (prince of Mazovia), entered into the alliance with Hungarian court. Boleslav’s foreign policy oscillated between the competing interests of its more powerful neighbours allying with Hungarian Kingdom, sometimes with Czech State and in the middle of the thirteenth century with Daniel prince of Galicia and Volynia. The most important event in history of the Hungarian Kingdom was Mongolian invasion (1241). It consequence were very heavy casualties and ravages of the country. It also caused a domestic crisis of the Ârpâds’ Kingdom characterised a weak monarch power and growth of importance of aristocracy. In the middle of the thirteenth century Hungary put up a long standing political and military rivalry with Czech Kingdom for inheritance of the Babenbergs (Styria, Karantania, Kraina, Lower Austria). This conflict exerted a great influence on history of Central East Europe in the second half of the thirteenth century.