Dekalog w nauczaniu Jezusa

Abstract

Jesus has left us no thorough comment to the Ten Commandments (Exod 20:2-17; Deut 5:6-21). His only extensive citation of the text of the Decalogue (Mark 10:17-22 par.) is, probably deliberately, imprecise - Jesus quotes only half of the commandments, changing their order and adding a new one. This feature might suggest that Jesus meant to abolish the binding character of the Mosaic commandments. There are, however, other Gospel passages that may be surely attributed to Jesus and that bear witness to the basic continuation between the will of God as revealed in the Decalogue and the principles of the Kingdom of God as taught by Jesus. Jesus proclaims God as the Creator, Lawgiver, Judge, and King. God’s omnipresence and omniscience should not be called into question (Jas 5:12 I Matt 5:34a.37). He has the power to judge and condemn all, even hidden, human attitudes: hostility, contempt, lust, and egoism (Matt 5:2In; 5:27n; Mark 7:10-12 par.). Jesus’ summons to proclaim the eschatological Kingdom of God can sometimes prevail over the traditionally cherished religious values as Sabbath rest (Mark 2:25n par.; 2:27; Matt 12:11 / Luke 14:5) or personal care for one’s own parents (Mark 7:10-12 par.). More important for Jesus is, however, revealing the proper, soteriologic sense of the Commandments (Mark 2:27; 3:4; Matt 12:11 / Luke 14:5). The eschatological Kingdom of God restitutes also the original order of creation, spoiled later by the human sin (Mark 2:27; 10:2- 11 par.). God remains always close to humans (Jas 5:12 / Matt 5:34a.37). The whole world (including traditionally acknowledged, cultic spheres of sacrum) is subject to the faithful that strive together with Jesus for God’s Kingdom (Mark 2:25-28 par.). Humans are called to live in personal, spiritual-emotional-bodily integrity (Mark 3:4), faithfully serving God the King. God’s eschatological Rule restores proper social relationships: between men and women (Matt 5:27n), between adult children and older parents (Mark 7:10-12 par.) and in the whole society (Matt 5:21n; Jas 5:12 / Matt 5:34a.37; Matt 12:11 / Luke 14:5). The Decalogue, as interpreted by Jesus, is a necessary presupposition for the greatest commandment of the Kingdom - the commandment of love.