Hansa Ursa von Balthasara filozoficzna natura prawdy

Abstract

Hans Urs von Balthasar, znany szerszemu gronu czytelników przede wszystkim jako teolog, w swoich rozważaniach zajmował się także kwestiami filozoficznymi. Do najważniejszych z nich należy zagadnienie prawdy i jej filozoficzna natura, określana przez autora jako prawda świata. Korzystając z bogatego dorobku poprzedników dokonuje jej charakterystyki odwołując się do klasycznych pojęć: natury, wolności, tajemnicy i uczestnictwa, niekiedy nadając im nową interpretację. Tworzy w ten sposób niezwykle spójny system będący podstawą dla podjęcia rozważań o prawdzie, dobru i pięknie z perspektywy Objawienia Bożego.

Hans Urs von Balthasar was one of the most famous theologians in the twentieth century. Moreover, he was interested in philosophy and obtained the degree of doctor of philosophy. He formulated philosophical account of the truth, which was named the truth of the world. He used classical terms: nature, freedom, mystery and participation, but his interpretation is very original. Everything that exists, exists in its own integrity, but that existence is one of openness to the Other and existence for the Other. The existence of things for themselves is only in relation to their openness to others, in particular, their openness to be known by, to appear to the Other. Thus the truth is objective insofar as it is the loving surrender of being to be known. Nevertheless, there is an important subjective element to knowledge and thus to the truth. The truth is only possible when the human subject is himself open to the appearance of being. There must be a surrender to the world in order to be known. And so the truth involves the mutual loving surrender of subject and object. This model of truth and knowledge is to be contrasted with the Cartestian one which presupposes a distance and rupture between subject and object that simultaneously reduces the world to a set of externally related, atomistic, and mechanized objects and theorizes our knowledge of those primarily in terms of control. Balthasar’s system is a good basis for theological reflection.