Stary Testament świadectwem patriarchalnej kultury?

Abstract

The paper suggests an answer to the question, how far texts the Hebrew Bible reflect patriarchal order of the society, in which the authors and readers lived. An examination of exemplary laws, which deal with the relation among men and women (Ex 22:15-16 and Dtn 22:28-29; see also Ex 20:14), and some Old Testament’s Narratives (Gen 2–3; 12,11–20; 38 etc.), which criticize the social order the patriarchal society, shows, that there is a need to distinguish types of the texts. The law texts reflect the patriarchal order of the society, while the literature in a strict meaning goes beyond a social reality. Additionally the paper deals shortly with masculine and feminine imaginations of God in the Old Testament and warns against a confusion of a tenor and a vehicle of metaphors. The Hebrew Bible does not spread the patriarchal order of the society, on the contrary it is critical of the patriarchal society.