Religijna i narodowa rola lat świętych w XIX wieku

Abstract

In tehe nineteenth century, Europe and papacy went through the period of significant changes started by the French Revolution. Not only political treties (in which Vatican did not play the role of an equal partner any longer, but was rather a petitioner of powerful, absolutist world—powers) were, of importance for the lot the Church, but also furter—going idelogical changes. These circumstances caused that the celebrations of Holy Years in the nineteenth century were not similiar to the preceding years. On the Polish territories, this difference was stressed by the conditions of national slavery. Thus, only about the years 1825-1827 one can speak, and only in the relation to the Polish Kingdom, about full, resembling old, national and religious traditions, jubilee celebration. It was priesthy event on a great scale. Nest jubilees fell in the years that were difficult for Apostolic See; in the middle of the century, after the springtide of nations, in 1875 after the annexation of the Church State; and for the Polish nation, which after uprisings was subjected; especially under the tsar’s rule, to strong restraint. Only in Galicia Prussia was going though Kulturkampf—and there, the jubilee of 1876 resounded. There too, the times of half-century were too—dose to the recent riot. It is worth to add, that jubilees of the second half of the nineteenth century did not carry the marks of the past triumphalism any longer, but were rather the appeal of the pope to cammon prayer for the successful fulfilment of the world mission of the Church.