Geneza i misja uniwersytetu
Data
2013
Autorzy
Tytuł czasopisma
ISSN czasopisma
Tytuł tomu
Wydawca
Wydawnictwo Pallottinum
Abstrakt
Uniwersytet jest wytworem kultury średniowiecznej. Powstanie tej niezwykłej instytucji było poprzedzone w wielu krajach utworzeniem środowiska naukowego i edukacyjnego, od samego początku organizowanego przez Kościół. Stopniowy rozwój cywilizacyjno-kulturowy doprowadził do powstania nowych struktur społecznych, w tym cechów (np. rzemieślniczych), które organizowały życie zawodowe mieszczan. Cechy stały się wzorem i zawiązkiem pierwszych społeczności uniwersyteckich; spora liczba społeczności szkół połączyła się, aby bronić swoich interesów, zarówno wobec władz miejskich jak i kościelnych. Te społeczności nazywały się Universitas magistrorum et scholarium, których struktura okrzepła w XIII w. Szczególne miejsce wśród uniwersytetów zajmuje Uniwersytet Paryski. W tym mieście najbujniej rozkwitał korporacjonizm, także wśród uczniów i nauczycieli. Z czasem uniwersytety rozwinęły bogate życie intelektualne i stały się znaczącym czynnikiem wpływającym na życie całych społeczeństw, będąc swego rodzaju trzecią władzą, obok władzy kościelnej i świeckiej. Uniwersytety wniosły największe i najtrwalsze wartości w historii myśli ludzkiej, będąc instytucją kształcenia wyższego, opartą na autonomii rozumu, oświeconego i wzbogaconego prawdami wiary chrześcijańskiej. Klasyczny paradygmat uniwersytetu, ukształtowany w średniowieczu, którego korzenie sięgają kultury grecko-rzymskiej, wzbogaconej chrześcijańską wizją rzeczywistości, przetrwały do dziś w wielu uniwersytetach, zwłaszcza katolickich.
University was a product, creation of medieval culture. This extraordinary institution was preceded by several centuries of creation of scientific and educational life organized from its very beginning by the Church. Gradual civilizational-cultural development led to the number of factors which in XIII century allowed development of cities and new social structures. One of the factors was, that guilds organized professional life of townspeople. They became an example and an anlage of the first university communities. A numerous school community, which in XII century represented a high level of education, joined in a fashion of guilds in order to defend their interest against both urban and church authorities. Those communities were called universitas magistrorum et scholarium. They had in common love for science and passion for searching the truth. The former resulted with the University of Paris, which in turn became an example for other emerging universities. Over time universities developed rich intellectual life and became a significant factor influencing life of whole societies. They became the third power together with power of the Church and the imperial one. It became a new kind of institution of higher education, based on autonomic thinking of natural human reason enlightened and enriched with everlasting truths of the Christian faith. Universities brought the greatest and the most durable values in the history of human thought. The classical paradigm of university created in the Middle Ages, with its roots reaching to the Greek-Roman culture and Christian vision of reality has lasted till today in some universities, especially the Catholic ones. An essence of the paradigm remains unchanged, namely an intellectual education and moral formation of students together with scientific research.
University was a product, creation of medieval culture. This extraordinary institution was preceded by several centuries of creation of scientific and educational life organized from its very beginning by the Church. Gradual civilizational-cultural development led to the number of factors which in XIII century allowed development of cities and new social structures. One of the factors was, that guilds organized professional life of townspeople. They became an example and an anlage of the first university communities. A numerous school community, which in XII century represented a high level of education, joined in a fashion of guilds in order to defend their interest against both urban and church authorities. Those communities were called universitas magistrorum et scholarium. They had in common love for science and passion for searching the truth. The former resulted with the University of Paris, which in turn became an example for other emerging universities. Over time universities developed rich intellectual life and became a significant factor influencing life of whole societies. They became the third power together with power of the Church and the imperial one. It became a new kind of institution of higher education, based on autonomic thinking of natural human reason enlightened and enriched with everlasting truths of the Christian faith. Universities brought the greatest and the most durable values in the history of human thought. The classical paradigm of university created in the Middle Ages, with its roots reaching to the Greek-Roman culture and Christian vision of reality has lasted till today in some universities, especially the Catholic ones. An essence of the paradigm remains unchanged, namely an intellectual education and moral formation of students together with scientific research.
Opis
Słowa kluczowe
uniwersytety, universities, geneza uniwersytetu, origins of the university, misja uniwersytetu, mission of the university, szkolnictwo wyższe, higher education
Cytowanie
Communio, 2013, R. 33, nr 2 (182), s. 5-21.
Licencja
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Poland