Biblijna historia o stworzeniu – w poszukiwaniu źródła

Abstract

C. Westermann and W.H. Schmidt suggest that the opening of Genesis is based on a brief written source. This hitherto unknown independent literary entity describes the creation of the universe in terms of Wortbericht – divine commands, and Tatbericht – divine actions. The hypothesis was discussed by O.H. Steck and P. Beauchamp. They claimed that the categories of divine actions could not describe the creation of the universe and existed as an independent source. On the other hand, Loretz suggests that the biblical story was based on a poetic story describing the creation in terms of divine commands. He reconstructed this source as a seven-stanza poem. The archaeological discovery of Enuma elish gave rise to another debate on the source of the biblical creation story. From Gunkel to Speiser, many biblical scholars argued that the Babylonian creation story formed the basis for the first chapter of Genesis. But in many ways the biblical and Babylonian stories were different. When archeologists discovered an earlier Babylonian creation epic – Atrahasis, the discussion concentrated on this source. The two creation stories, though show a number of similarities, present entirely different theologies.