Patrocinia kościołów parafialnych w archidiecezji (halickiej) lwowskiej do końca XVI wieku

Abstract

The paper deals willi the problem of palrocinia which problem is little known in Poland. The patrocinia concern the areas which historically belonged to Poland, the archdiocese of Lvov. According to material based on authorities and studies it was shown against the possibly broadest range throughout 260 years (1340-1599). The author established the number of parochial centres at 125 (churches and chapels with the rights of a parish), out of which 90 have a particular patrocinium. Including all known main and the so-called contitularis (secondary) palrocinia these churches have altogether 164 patrocinia. Among them the greatest number constitute saintly patrocinia (90), then Marian patrocinia (49), trinitarian (22) and angelical (3). In order to belter understand the questions of patricinia the author attempts to present them against the background of the liturgical cult of the Church, the patrocinia of Europe, in the diocese of Cracow, and sometimes in Silesia and Greater Poland. He also attempts to pinpoint the direct motives which decided about the acceptance of a concrete invocation. Very often, especially with the trinitarian and Marian patrocinia, it was the common cult of the Church, and with the angelic and saintly patrocinia it was the name of their founder, his personal piety and influence that decided about it, as well as the influence of Lvov churches, with the cathedral at their head, the influence of mendicant orders, the patronage of the saints in the Middle Ages and whether the churches were situated by the trade route. Patrocinia came to these regions along with the surges of immigrants from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Germany. It was also the local Russians with their customs and piety that contributed to the choice of a patrocinium. The chronology of the patrocinia of parochial churches shows that Marian patrocinia were the oldest (The Holiest Virgin Mary, The Nativity of the Holiest Virgin Mary, and the Holiest Virgin Mary of the Snow). Out of trinitarian invocations to the oldest belong: the Holy Trinity, the Holy Cross and the Holy Ghost; out of saintly patrocinia: Mary Magdalen, Nicolaus, Stanislaus and All Saints. Starting from the 15lh century all the invocations that have been mentioned in the paper are more and more popular. Il turns out that the hitherto sudies dealt with the invocations from the period of the 17lh - 20th centuries, while the primary patrocinia were often different. The documents of churches which the author has studied witness to this. Taking the proper patrocinia for that period the paper establishes a new list. At the same time the author bases himself on the archivals of the Lvov archdiocese in Lubaczów and he adds some years to the hitherto accepted dates of the erection of parishes. It is illustrated by the table in the paper.