Realne i analogiczne istnienie rzeczywistości jako podstawa każdej filozoficznej afirmacji Boga

Abstract

Tracing the development of contemporary philosophy we notice a gradual change in the object of philosophical cognition. Non-subjective reality has been replaced by a human subject and human experiences (existentialism, a philosophy of dialogue, a philosophy of encounter). Recently, human creations, escepically language and socio-cultural systems (analytical philosophy, structuralism, hermeneutics) have become the matter of philosophical reflection. Philosophy, then, has been separated from the really existing world. The relativisation of cognition and the impossibility of arriving at the truth are a simple consequence of this. This type of cognition also finds expression in the relativisation of the affirmation of the existence of God. Here there arises an immediate need for philosophy in the classical sense which aims at cognizing and explaining actually existing reality by pointing to ultimate antic reasons („thanks to which something exists”, „thanks to which it is such as it is”). Pope John Paul II reminded us of value of such a philosophy, especially in solving the problem of the existence of God. „The philosophy of St. Thomas is a philosophy of being on account of the ’acfus essendi’, whose transcendental value is the shortest way of arriving at a knowledge of Autonomous Being and Pure Act – God”. The author explains the nature of realism and of analogical and transcendental character of cognition in the philosophy of being. The affirmation of the existence of many concrete beings, expressed in existential judgments, guarantees realism. The cognition of an internal structure and the comprehension of existing items of these elements which are common to all beings (potency-act, essence-existence) assures transcendentality. Analogy is a consequence of realism and transcendentality. Fundamental composition of being in each individual concrete being maintain the same proportions. The proportional complexity of all beings known to us from experience requires the acceptance of the existence of a non-complex Being, Pure Act, Absolute Existence, who is the ultimate ontic reason for the existence of proportionally complex, changeable, non-contingent beings.