Próba definicji pojęć Prawda – prawdziwy – prawdziwie (zaprawdę) w oparciu o Biblię Hebrajską

Abstract

The main aim of the paper is to explain and define how notions truth, true, truly sae understood in the Hebrew Bible (HB). The paper presents: 1. an original and creative comparative analysis of the meaning of 38 Hebrew and Aramaean terms carrying the notion of truth; 2. main categories which characterise truth such as; morality, law, certainty, stability (constancy), trust, reality, duty, completeness are distinguished, and proportions of their occurrence are established; 3. by distinguishing three most important groups of synonyms it is demonstrated that truthfulness in the Hebrew Bible is defined by aspects of certainty - constancy, morality, honesty in the ratio of about 2:15:1; 4. a logical, ontological, epistemological, moral, aesthetic and syntactic profile of truth is given; 5. a relation with classical, pragmatic and coherent definition of truth is searched for; 6. it is indicated that the concept of truth in the HB is absolute and that it questions agnosticism, scepticism, fideism, and intuitionalism; moreover, there exists a present notion of verification of truth; 7. the paper, due to space limits, includes but short comparison between the achieved results and other scientists’ discoveries. The paper is concluded by an index of all Hebrew terms under analysis, with their original spelling, vocalisation, frequency of occurrence and codes in leading concordances.