Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne, 1994, T. 7

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Przeglądaj Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne, 1994, T. 7 wg Autor "Kratochwil, Zofia"

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    Augustianie w Warszawie. Kościół i klasztor Św. Marcina (1356 – 1864)
    Kratochwil, Zofia (Wydawnictwo Archidiecezji Warszawskiej, 1995)
    The religious order o f Augustinians was established in Italy in the 13th century as a result of union o f several eremitical congregations. The Augustinians quickly showed their dynamic development in Western Europe. By the 13th century friars from the Bavarian province were moving into Pomerania, Prussia and Silesia. One century later king Casimir the Great founded a church and a friary for the Augustinian order in Cracow and the Prince of Mazovie Ziemowit III did the same in Warsaw. The Augustinian church of St. Martin on Piwna street in Warsaw was the second church, after the collegiate church o f St John the Baptist, to be situated within the walls of the town. The Holy Spirit hospital for the poor was established near this church and was founded by the Duchess Anna of Mazovie, the wifef king Bolesław III. The Augustinians provided the church and hospital with spiritual support for some time. The church, originally built in Gothic style, was consumed by fire and was reconstructed in baroque style and later restored several times after being destroyed during several wars. Together with the growing political position of the town, particularly after incorporation of the Mazovie into the Crown (1526), the popularity of the Augustinians was growing. Proceedings of the General Mazowsze Diet were held in their church. A role of the Warsaw friary was also growing in the order’s province. The Polish province was established in 1547. In order to strengthen religious and monastic life inspections o f the friary had been undertaken, mostly by the provincial, and at times by the apostolic delegate (Mikołaj Crusenius) or the general visitator (Dominik Grabiński). A s new friaries were built, especially in the 17th century, the locations for the novitiate and house of study were chosen. Cracow and Warsaw were considered the largest cities in Poland, during this period. Cracow became the center for the novitiate and in Warsaw was founded the house of the study. The Augustinians focused their attention on culture and science. They were gathering degrees in science at foreign universities, employing the highest quality of craftsmen for construction. Much care was given to internal decorations. The organ was used to add splendor to celebrations. They also maintained a band o f musicians. Their benefactors were buried beneath the church floor and masses were celebrated for them. For the parishioners, there were established fraternal orders of St. Tekla and of Our Lady of Consolation. The amount of friars was never large during the 17th and 18th centuries. In Warsaw as well as in Cracow, convents were inhabited by 30-40 friars. After the Third Partition of Poland, Warsaw belonged to the Prussian Sector (1795) and then subsequently to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and then to the Kingdom of Poland. The monastery was liquidated in 1864 together with monasteries of other religious orders – on the base of the Tsar’s ruling.