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Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist-Communitarian Concept of the State and the Socio-Political Transformations of Poland in the Post-War Decades
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, 2021)
The article debates the issues of the personalist-communitarian concept of social life presented by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in the context of the political and social transformations taking place in Poland in the post-war decades. In his praxeological approach, Wyszyński perceives the breakdown of the Christian community and morality as the primary social problem caused by the destructive influence of a human being inscribed in the ideology of collectivism and individualism. Therefore, the above article analyzes the specifics of “incomplete” concepts of man, as well as criticizes the doctrines responsible for the adverse effects of the socio-political changes taking place in the post-war decades of Polish history. This paper also proposes ways in which contemporary models of social life can shape the socio-political reality based on a genuinely humanistic vision of man and citizen.
Christian and Culture in the Personalist Thought of Stefan Wyszyński
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2021)
Due to the multi-faceted nature of Stefan Wyszyński’s personalistic concept, this article focuses on the Christian vision of culture. In this context, attention was drawn to how personalism can constitute the basis for shaping culture, especially to contemporary (post-) modern reality. The conducted analysis of the vision of culture places it to the facts of the Christian life. In this sense, creative activity for culture should be seen in the context of realizing the fullness of the human personality not only in the temporal dimension but also in the supernatural. It allows the human person to join the current of civilization and cultural changes and enable a person to discover the right place in the dynamically changing realities of the modern world.
Christian Faith in Dialogue with Contemporary Culture in the Personalist Thought of John Paul II and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński
Ficek, Ryszard (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
This article presents the intellectual legacy of both John Paul II and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński as advocates of a personalist view of culture. Their teaching emphasizes the person and human dignity in striving for human self-fulfillment in a community seeking God’s transcendence. In this regard, their personalist vision of culture was defined in the context of the Second Vatican Council’s teaching. Therefore, the theological anthropology of both John Paul II and Cardinal Wyszyński is based on personalism, communion, dialogue, and freedom. Nevertheless, when God is marginalized by human activity, especially by the ideology of secularism and religious indifferentism, a severe cultural crisis arises. As a result, the dialogical character of the teaching of John Paul II and Cardinal Wyszyński in the dimension of Christian culture emphasizes inculturation and evangelization of human activity. On the other hand, the Christocentric and personalist context of their concepts reflects the theocentric and anthropocentric vision of culture, which, rooted in praxeological pastoral thought, displays their views on culture not only in the dimension of philosophical and theological doctrine but above all as a pastoral vision presenting Christian culture integrated with contemporary existential experience and focused on the perspective of “a new heaven and a new earth” (cf. 2 Cor 12:4; Rev 4:2–8; 21:2–10).
Christian Tradition and (Post) Modernity in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Culture (1)
Ficek, Ryszard (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2021)
In the context of Cardinal Wyszyński’s personalistic concept, a man understood as a spiritual, as well as corporal being, created by God in His image and likeness, endowed with human dignity from the moment of conception, the subject of rights and duties appears as the focus of the Christian perception of culture. The analysis of contemporary cultural reality, then, carried out in the above article in the light of the Christian tradition allows us to express the discussed issues in terms of a vocation addressed to every human being. Its position to the realities of earthly life emphasizes that in the creative activity of culture, one should see the most appropriate way of realizing the fullness of the human personality not only in the temporal dimension but also in the supernatural one. Moreover, emphasizing such elements as the human person, family, Nation, state, the international community, culture, economy, and politics understood in an integral way, as well as the Church proclaiming the universal message of salvation, the Primate’s vision of culture exposes a praxeological character, rooted in particular human existence. It allows not only the direct inclusion of the human person in the current of civilization and cultural changes but also consents the human being to discover the right place in the dynamically changing contexts of the contemporary world.
Christian Tradition and (Post) Modernity in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Culture (2)
Ficek, Ryszard (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2021)
The subject of this article is to present the Christian cultural tradition in the context of (post) modernism from the perspective of the personalistic vision of culture presented by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. The author’s interpretation of source materials aims to show Christian culture as a “sphere of earthly reality” shaping the human person in its integral dimension, i.e., both in the individual and social dimensions and the temporal and supernatural. In the personalistic-praxeological sense, Christian culture is rooted in the biblical-traditional values, which – perceived as a gift and obligation – are developed primarily in the sphere of the daily Christian life, especially in the dimension of family and nation. The author of the article asks whether the aretology of Cardinal Wyszyński’s personalistic concept can be applied to the specific realities of the up-to-date fact of cultural life? The answer to such questions is essential, especially in the context of the currently proclaimed “ideological pluralism” characteristic of the contemporary post-modern culture that emphasizes the moral ambivalence of “liquid” postmodernity.
Communist Totalitarian Regime and the Status Quo of the Catholic Church in the Context of Post-War Reality of Poland (1945−1956)
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2022)
The fundamental purpose of this article is to present the specificity of the totalitarian communist regime to the status quo of the Catholic Church functioning in the Polish People’s Republic in the early post-war period (1945−1956). Therefore, the analysis of the discussed issues allows one to expose the nature of the Stalinist system of repression described as the “dictatorship of the proletariat,” taking into account the tough and challenging situation of the Catholic Church, forced not only to fight for her survival but above all to preserve the Christian identity of the Polish nation. The reinterpretation of the Stalinist totalitarian system from the perspective of Christian personalistic praxeology discloses its unprecedentedly criminal nature. Moreover, the presentation of the fundamental assumptions of the totally anti-human and anti-Christian paradigm that characterizes the “dictatorship of the proletariat” makes it possible to interpret Stalinism in terms of not only defining but also legitimizing and even authenticating one of the most terrifying and degenerate forms of totalitarian systems of the 20th century. However, this is of crucial importance, specifically today when many emerging ideological trends often downplay the criminal nature of Stalinism and even treat the “totalitarian model” – particularly communism – as a “specific historical phenomenon” attempting to resolve many complex and multifarious sociopolitical, cultural and economic issues.
Ideologia liberalnego kapitalizmu, „credo” socjalizmu i personalistyczna koncepcja życia społecznego kard. Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2022)
Prezentowany artykuł ukazuje personalistyczną koncepcję życia społecznego w ujęciu Stefana Wyszyńskiego w kontekście ideologii liberalnego kapitalizmu, jak również ideologicznych koncepcji nawiązujących do idei socjalistycznych. Wiodącą tezą niniejszych analiz jest ukazanie powyższych systemów nie tyle w kategoriach antynomicznych czy analogicznych, ile – przede wszystkim – z punktu widzenia prakseologii personalistycznej demonstrowanej w nauczaniu społecznym Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Ideologia liberalna i związany z nią kapitalizm zrodziły się w połowie XIX wieku i od tego czasu nieustannie ewoluowały, często zmieniając swoje główne wyznaczniki i specyfikę. Z drugiej strony, ideologia socjalistyczna ukształtowała się jako koncepcja przeciwna kapitalistycznej rzeczywistości XIX wieku. Jednak nigdy tak naprawdę nie istniała ona w jednolitej formie. Analizowana ideologia, określana jako doktryna socjalistyczna, była w istocie hybrydą idei liberalno-kapitalistycznych i – poniekąd – neofeudalnej biurokracji. Bardziej szczegółowa analiza powyższych koncepcji i ich krytyczna reinterpretacja w kontekście myśli personalistycznej Wyszyńskiego pozwala uświadomić niebezpieczeństwa związane z motywowanym ideologicznie propagowaniem skrajnych, często zafałszowanych koncepcji osoby ludzkiej i ich zastosowaniem w konkretnych realiach współczesnego świata.
Irrational Rationality of Individualism, Tortuous Logic of Collectivism, and Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Integral- Humanist Concept of Socio-Political Life
Ficek, Ryszard (Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu, 2021)
Stefan Wyszyński’s social thought can be defined as an integral-humanistic concept of sociopolitical life. This study, based on the analysis of source texts and studies using the historical and analytical method, examines the specificity of collectivism and individualism as two radically different attitudes in opposition to the personalistic and integral-humanistic conception of the human person presented by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the Primate of Poland. The cardinal’s sociopolitical thoughts will be explored, reconstructed and reinterpreted with the employment of the inductive-deductive method. The interpretation of source materials will unravel the role and meaning of the personalistic view in the context of “incomplete” ideological concepts shaping the present reality of social and political life. Therefore, an essential goal of this study is to present the most critical components of the teaching and pastoral ministry of the Primate of the Millennium concerning collectivism and individualism. The author of the article raises a question whether the integral-humanistic concept of the human person and his involvement in the world as presented by Wyszyński can be applied to the specific realities of modern-day social life. The answer is significant, especially in the context of the contemporary reality of the Church, civil society, nation, and state.
Moral Renewal as a Socio-Religious Imperative and the Destructive Actions of an Oppressive Totalitarian State: in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalistic Concept of Social Life
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2020)
The historical legacy and destructive actions of the oppressive totalitarian state of the post-war Polish Peoples’ Republic were associated with severe threats to the Nation’s socio-cultural existence. In this context, the seriousness of the situation was related to both geopolitical conditions and several systemic shortcomings of the communist state, ideologically hostile to Christianity, as well as to native culture. However, dangerous addictions and national moral flaws also played an important role. Therefore, the specificity of the situation demanded an absolute opposition to the above problems on the part of all social structures of the Nation. According to Cardinal Wyszyński, it was not only about overcoming one or another national-moral defect, but a comprehensive moral transformation in the spirit of Christian culture was required, which could become a religious and social program for the moral rebirth of the entire Nation. Thus, moral renewal has become an indispensable condition for positive changes in Poland. It is realized in the community of the Church by proclaiming the Gospel message of redemption accomplished in Jesus Christ and calling for fidelity to the baptismal sacramental grace. At the same time, it displayed the ways and means of renewing all socio-cultural structures in their specific historical reality. Unfortunately, the programmatic process of secularization and atheization carried by employing various means and methods posed a significant threat to Poles’ culture and identity and the Nation’s religious and moral life. Therefore, the foundation for social life’s moral renewal was a rebirth in Christ, realized through metanoia and reconciliation with God in the Church. However, this process requires a radical turn towards God, which results in a change of consciences and a deepening of the human person’s consciousness and moral sensitivity, family, and, consequently, the nation. Nevertheless, a change in thinking and evaluating of conscience entails a shift in attitudes that, oriented towards holiness, would lead to Christian perfection in Christ. Thus, the return to God through Marian devotion (Soli Deo per Mariam) becomes the fundamental basis of the moral renewal of social life’s whole reality. It takes place both through a continuous transformation of hearts and attitudes of individual people as well as the entire community in the dimension of sacramental reconciliation with God in the Church.
Stefan Wyszyński: the Lublin’s Period of Episcopal Ministry (1946-1949)
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2021)
On March 4, 1946, the Vatican “Congregation for Extraordinary Affairs,” then responsible for episcopal nominations, sent a document to the office of Cardinal August Hlond about the appointment by Pope Pius XII of the first Polish bishops after the war, including a new ordinary of the Lublin diocese: “Beatissimus Pater promovit Reverendum D. Stephanum Wyszyński e clero vladislaviensi ad Ecclesiam Cathedralem Lublinensem. Eadem Sanctitas Sua concedit dicto Electo Stephano Wyszyński indultum recipiendi conssecrationem episcopalem necnon capiendae possessionis dioecesis Lublinensis priusqam ad eum Bullae Apostolicae pervenerint.” At that time, the nominee bishop was not quite 45 years old. Moreover, in a relatively short period of his rule in Lublin (two years and eight months), Wyszyński did a great job. Above all, though, he initiated the diocese's renewal and reconstruction from the horrible war damage and introduced it on a new path of pastoral development. Undoubtedly, it was a time that can be described as a great revival of the Catholic Church in Poland. Therefore, the above article exposes how the episcopal nomination and ingress to the Lublin cathedral opened for Bishop Wyszyński new perspectives as well as set further tasks in his pastoral ministry to the Church in Poland and the world. Moreover, according to the author of this study, over two and a half years of episcopal service in the Lublin diocese was also – in some way – an experimental training ground, where Bishop Wyszyński could use as well as develop his pastoral experience gained earlier in Włocławek. Additionally, it was also the next stage of preparation to undertake more essential tasks in the Church. In other words, the Lublin pastoral ministry of Bishop Wyszyński turned out to be a valuable experience in the perspective of later activity as ordinary of the Gniezno and Warsaw dioceses as well as the Primate of Poland.
The Liberal Capitalism and the System of „Real Socialism” in the Context of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s Personalist Concept of Socio-Political Life
Ficek, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Pallottinum, 2021)
The presented article depicts the didactic and pastoral legacy of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in the context of liberal capitalism, as well as the ideology of „real socialism”, imposed on Poland in the post-war period, and their impact on the contemporary understanding of the Christian concept of socio-political life. The exploration of the above research will be based on the analysis of source texts and, consequently, the reconstruction of Cardinal Wyszyński’s social teaching and its reinterpretation using the inductive-deductive method. A more detailed analysis of the above doctrines and their critical reinterpretation allow not only to expose their shortcomings and defects. It also enables better awareness of the endangerments of ideologically motivated promotion of extreme, often distorted concepts of the human person in the modern world’s particular realities.