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A Positive Side to Apophaticism: Prolegomena
Gilski, Marek (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
The article synthetically presents positive aspects of apophaticism. It discusses its apologetic role, its importance in defending against magical thinking, its focus on experience, its openness to pluralism, and its inspirational role for a variety of disciplines in delimiting their cognitive boundaries. Some of the most important conclusions are: a) apophaticism played an important role in the early days of Christianity in polemics against both pagan cults and magical tendencies; b) already in ancient Greece apophaticism influenced the search not only for symbolic interpretations of Homer’s poems but also for religious experience; c) the limits of cognition discovered by theology are becoming a contemporary experience of other sciences (mathematics, physics).
Between the dogmatic and magical formula. Ecumenical perspective
Cholewa, Marcin; Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2019)
The present article concerns the question of the formulas which both religion and magic use. Although even if they often sound identical, their understanding and their role are radically different. The article consists of four parts. The first part provides examples of Christian magical papyri dating from the first centuries, which show the use of both the New Testament as well as the terms and dogmatic formulas in the magical texts. The second part gives examples of the Fathers of the Eastern and the Western Church in their common criticism of magic. The third part examines differences in the understanding of dogmatic formulas between Christianity and magic. Finally, conclusions of ecumenical character are formulated.
Chrześcijańskie papirusy magiczne
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2010)
El objetivo de este articulo es analizar el contenido y las formas de papiros mágicos usados por los cristianos. Se trata tanto de distintas formas, abreviaturas y simbolos empleados, como también de numéros mágicos repetidos en varias ocasiones. Los papiros contienen peticiones de curación, suplicas para conocer la voluntad de Dios, para protéger contra mala suerte, o bien para tornar venganza.
Hierarchia prawd a patroni kościołów
Mieczkowski, Janusz; Gilski, Marek; Cholewa, Marcin (Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2011)
The objective of the article is to answer the question of the degree to which the II Vatican Council concept of the hierarchy of truths finds reflection in dedications of parish churches. The material for this study constituted of the dedications of churches in the Archdiocese of Kraków. The analyses allowed formulating the following conclusions. The post-Council increase in dedications referring to God should be perceived as a positive tendency equal to understanding the Holy Trinity and Incarnation as central truths of the Christian faith. An analogous increase has been noted in dedications to Our Lady, which has been undoubtedly influenced by the Marian dogmas proclaimed in the recent centuries. The complete disappearance of dedications to angels appears to be a symptom of the diminishing devotion to them. The substantial decline in the number of churches dedicated to saints accompanied by a rise of canonizations is a sign of a shift in focus toward the central truths of the Christian faith.
Homerocentony jako najbardziej skrajna próba hellenizacji chrześcijaństwa
Gilski, Marek (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
Artykuł prezentuje i ocenia jedną z prób hellenizacji chrześcijaństwa. Chodzi o Homerocentony, powstające w kręgach chrześcijańskich od IV wieku utwory, przekazujące przesłanie Ewangelii niemal wyłącznie za pomocą słownictwa Iliady i Odysei. Tekst zawiera omówienie techniki tworzenia tych dzieł, ich treść, formę i teologię. Analiza Homerocentonów prowadzi do następujących wniosków: a) nie da się zrozumieć i właściwie zinterpretować chrześcijaństwa bez znajomości poematów homeryckich; b) Ewangelia jest tylko nową interpretacją Iliady i Odysei; c) chrześcijaństwo nie wnosi nowych treści, a jedynie porządkuje to, co dostępne w kulturze.
Kapłan w poematach homeryckich
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2009)
The article deals with the issue of priesthood in Homeric poems. It comprises three parts: in the first part Greek terminology denoting a priest is analysed (άρητήρ, ἱερεύς, ἱρεύς, ἱέρεια); in the second part it is his functions and in the third part the relationship between the priest and the people that is reviewed. The priest fulfils mainly a religious function. It is prayer and making offerings that prevail here. These functions refer to the etymology of the Greek terms denoting a priest. It would seem that it is also the original role of a priest. These two basic functions result in a special relationship between the priest and the deity, which on the one hand means that the god protects his priest, and on the other hand that the priest is privileged to have special knowledge of the divine. The awareness of the bond between the priest and the god results in unusual respect and the trust of the people towards the priest. This is why in a situation of danger the priest becomes a part of national delegations aiming at providing security to all citizens.
Mariologia św. Cezarego z Arles
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2020)
Artykuł prezentuje mariologię św. Cezarego z Arles. Składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza ukazuje miejsce Maryi w egzegezie alegorycznej, a druga najważniejsze prawdy wiary odnośnie do Niej. Księżyc, ziemia i komnata małżeńska to najważniejsze dla biskupa Arles symbole Matki Pana, a Boże macierzyństwo, dziewictwo i świętość to głoszone przez niego fundamentalne prawdy wiary. Na taki kształt mariologii Cezarego miało wpływ przede wszystkim jego duszpasterskie ukierunkowanie. Dlatego też idee, które prezentuje, nie są nowatorskie. Powtarza to, co zaczerpnął od innych ojców Kościoła.
Maryja w pobożności pasyjnej
Gilski, Marek (Polskie Towarzystwo Mariologiczne, 2007)
Maryjny wymiar świadectwa bł. Jana Pawła II
Gilski, Marek (Polskie Towarzystwo Mariologiczne, 2012)
Początkowe stadia życia ludzkiego według Homera
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2013)
The article tried to find a response to the question how Homer identified the first stages of human life. The analysis helped to make the following conclusions: Many Greek terms used to describe human life (αἰών, βίος, ζωή, ϑυμός, μένος, ψυχή) show awareness of ancient Greeks for the rich phenomenon of human life and the difficulties in describing it precisely; Homer’s works testify to the rising of the terminology connected with human life. Among them we can find the terms referring to the fact of conception (γείνομαι, κυέω, τίκτω, ὑποκύομαι) and birth (γείνομαι, ἐξάγω πρὸ φόως, τίκτω). Homer understands the notion of “embryo” in a quite different way comparing it to the later literature. He refers this term not to a child in the mother’s womb, but to a child already born. According to Homer’s opinion childbirth does not constitute any significant turning point in human life. The new life is a result of God’s cooperation with parents.
Recepcja beatyfikacji i kanonizacji a tytuły parafii erygowanych w Archidiecezji Krakowskiej w latach 1978-2010
Cholewa, Marcin; Gilski, Marek; Mieczkowski, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II, 2011)
The involvement of John Paul II in canonization issues was expressed in two dimensions. The first referred to his legislative activity, i.e. setting norms for canonization proceedings, and the latter concerned the declaration of the blessed and saints. The aim of this article is to answer how many parishes of the Archdiocese of Krakow have been entrusted to the care of those declared saints and blessed by John Paul II.The following conclusions have been drawn on the basis of the conducted analysis: – 26 beatifications and 9 canonizations took place during the pontificate ofjohn Paul II. – Out of 186 parishes of the Archdiocese of Krakow founded in the years 1979-2010, 62 of them (33 per cent) were dedicated to the blessed and saints, including 21 (11 per cent) dedicated to those beatified and canonized by John Paul II. – Through beatification and canonizationjohn Paul II emphasized an exceptional role of the saints involved in the works of mercy. The former tradition addressed mainly the importance of martyrdom. This new approach is reflected in current patronage practices (patrocinium).
Rola myślenia w religijnej i magicznej interpretacji rzeczywistości
Cholewa, Marcin; Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie, 2011)
It is difficult to precisely point out elements which are characteristic solely for religion or solely for magic. Due to this, the objective factor seems to be insufficient in accurate determination of a demarcation criterion between religion and magic. Therefore, there is a necessity of looking for other criteria allowing for such distinction. Thinking, as a subjective and relational category, seems to be a good opportunity for overcoming this difficulty. Three types of thinking differentiated in the article (thinking in the area of a norm, borderland thinking and pathological thinking) enable initial indication of similarities and differences between religious and magical thinking. On the other hand, making references to the texts of Durkheim, Malinowski, Frazer, Goode, Sieradzan, Wypustek or Pindel, i.e. authors who dealt with the relation between religion and magic during ancient times, became a starting point for formulating 13 criteria which differentiate and, at the same time, characterize two styles of thinking: religious and magical.
Unus Mediator et multi mediatores. Augustyńska koncepcja pośrednictwa
Gilski, Marek (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Papieskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Krakowie, 2004)
The author of the article is searching for an answer to the question whether St. Augustine accepted the existence of only one mediator between God and people (unus mediator), or whether he admitted the possibility of mediation of other entities (multi mediatores). The text consists of three parts. The first presents Biblical grounds for the Augustinian conception of mediation. The next is a terminological analysis of the notions appearing in the writings of the Bishop of Hippo: mediatrix, mediatores, mediator. The last part undertakes the problem of mediation of people and objects. The analyses carried out have led to the following conclusions: 1) the notion of mediator is not reserved for Christ alone. Christ is the only true Mediator, but there are other false mediators. In the writings of the Bishop of Hippo, however, there is no terminological exdusivism; 2) Ontic and moral understanding of mediation exclude mediation of any other entity except Christ; 3) In an analogical sense a mediator can be the Church, sacraments, prayers, relics, people. Although St. Augustine does not use the term 'mediator' in relation to them, he endows them nevertheless with the qualities of an instrument, which God uses in order to grant people His mercy.