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Adam Czabański, Samobójstwa altruistyczne. Formy manifestacji, mechanizmy i społeczne reperkusje zjawiska, Zakład Wydawniczy Nomos, Kraków 2009, ss. 517.
Mariański, Janusz (Papieski Wydział Teologiczny we Wrocławiu, 2010)
Cele i dążenia życiowe młodzieży polskiej w latach 1989-1990
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1992)
In the present study I try to show the aims and aspirations, that is to say life values of the Polish youth in the first phase of transformation from the so-called real socialism to democratic market-minded society (1989-1990). The main idea is to examine the attitude of the young generation towards those values. The latter determines to a large extent life orientation and social functioning of the youth from the turn of '80s and '90s, in the transformation phase from the totalitarian to democratic system. An empirical basis to give an answer to the above questions is the sociological research carried out by the Institute of the Sociology of Religion SAC in Warszawa among the youth from secondary schools (Łuków, Lechów) and among the soldiers doing their military service in Polish Army. Apart from the above there were also researches carried out by the Institute of the Sociology of Religion KUL among the youth from secondary schools (Pionki, Galiny) and working youth (Niedomice). The researches will be analyzed against the background of the previous all-national sociological researches carried out in the years 1988- 1989 by KUL and ATK (J. Mariański, W. Piwowarski and W. Zdaniewicz). The sociological analyses proved that aims and aspirations of the youth are diverse. The concrete values prevail more than the general ones, egoistic-individual more than pro-social. Among the accepted everyday values there dominates an attitude centred on the family and small groups. It is not youth explicitly engaged in social affairs nor youth without perspectives. The everyday values are also most often the determinants of the sense of life. Contrary to expectations the material values are not so explicit, though it is quite commonly thought that in the beginning of the '90s there was a stronger tendency towards gaining material goods. It may be so that even those who highly estimate material goods do not consent to it eagerly. At the level of existential consiousness we deal with values which refer to partial senses, markedly rarer to the ultimate sense. The man lost in the partial senses misses the sense which embraces the totality and concentrates on the aims of self-realization understood superficially. Such threats can be referred to moral consciousness of the Polish youth.
Chrzest w opinii katolików polskich
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1988)
The author presents here the results of a sociological research carried out in the period of 1982-1985 in traditional countrysides, in a small town without industry, in a medium-sized town under a strong influence of industralization, in a big town, and in community of youth who are taught religion. With the exception of the latter, all respondents are parents who baptized their children in the year previous to the year of the empirical research. The object of the sociological research was, among others, the Catholics' knowledge of the sacrament of baptism and various attitudes to this religious ritual. A decisive majority of Catholics see the need or even necessity to baptize children, appreciate the value of the sacrament of baptism, even though they do not fully understand its theological sense and meaning. Their attitude is, generally, similar to the Church teaching. Though in particulars, there are some minor differences with the attitude of the Church. People do not understand or realize the intention of their priests or even consciously formulate postulates contradictory to the teaching of the Church. Some Catholics did not know how to define their attitude to the problems with baptism or they adopted unorthodox attitudes. Their number, accordingly to a particular question, ranged from a few to 30 per cent. Women proved to be, generally, more "ecclesiastical" than men, less educated Catholics were more "ecclesiastical" than those with a university diploma, people from country milieus more "ecclesiastical" than those from big towns. Unorthodox attitudes were often an expression of ignorance than contestation. In traditional country milieus the ritual of baptism is still additionally linked with magic images, but convictions of the same kind have turned in retreat.
Competences of an RE Teacher/Catechist in the Opinion of Schoolchildren
Słotwińska, Helena; Buk-Cegiełka, Marta; Mariański, Janusz; Osewska, Elżbieta; Rybarski, Radosław; Stala, Józef (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2024)
An important issue addressed in the presented article is the competencies of the RE teacher/ catechist. Two main problems are posed, summarized in the following questions: What competencies should a teacher of religion/catechist have? What qualities, according to secondary school pupils, should have an RE teacher? An attempt to answer such questions was made on the basis of an analysis of the literature on the subject and the results of a nationwide quantitative and qualitative study of secondary school pupils in Poland. The basic concepts of competence are discussed, groups of competencies relevant to the profession of religion teacher are characterized. Also presented are the results of research on the opinions of secondary school pupils regarding the person of a religion teacher/catechist.
Czy w katolickiej Polsce jest miejsce na indyferentyzm religijny?
Mariański, Janusz; Narecki, Zbigniew (Wydawnictwo Świętego Krzyża, 1993)
Irena Bukowska-Floreńska (red.) Religijność ludowa na pograniczach kulturowych i etnicznych. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 1999 (seria wydawnicza Studia etnologiczne i antropologiczne, t. 3), ss. 324
Mariański, Janusz (Papieski Fakultet Teologiczny we Wrocławiu, 2000)
Johannes Paul II. als moralische Autorität in der polnischen Gesellschaft
Mariański, Janusz (The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, 2012)
The Author of the article assumes that the charisma of John Paul II – at least in the symbolic sphere – has impeded intensifying trends in Polish society toward moral permissivism and relativism in everyday life. In Polish society, the image of John Paul II remains not only as a moral authority and a model, but above all, he is seen as a person who throughout his whole life proved his worth as someone important to the core of Polish society. As an authority linked to the sacred sphere, he was, at the same time very human. Even among those who believe that in Polish society there are essentially no authorities left to look up to, one can find many people who are still inclined to recognize the Polish Pope as a signifi cant moral authority. There is no doubt that John Paul II had a positive influence on the religiosity and general image of the Church in Poland, even though it is somehow difficult to measure that empirically. Experiences related to the Pope’s illness, and later, to his death had a significant impact on many Poles from throughout society. One can question whether Polish Catholicism with its folk and mass nature will retain its prevailing character, now when Pope John Paul II is gone. Even if the impact of John Paul II on Polish moral and religious awareness will be decreasing, it still will be important and signifi cant for some period of time. The strong impact of this exemplary Polish Pope is also going to slow down the secularization process of Polish society. All sociological data indicate that the influence of John Paul II on religiosity in his homeland will last for years to come, and hence, Poland will probably remain as a “specific case” in Europe with regards to the role religion plays in society.
Katechizm Kościoła katolickiego w kontekście przemian religijno-moralnych w społeczeństwie polskim
Mariański, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 2002)
Ks. Romuald Rak, Wychowanie eucharystyczne w diecezji katowickiej (1922–1972). Studium historyczno-pastoralne, Lublin 1974, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, ss. 367.
Mariański, Janusz (Księgarnia Św. Jacka, 1979)
Młodzież współczesna wobec wartości
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1994)
Motywy chrztu dzieci analiza socjologiczno-pastoralna
Mariański, Janusz (Księgarnia Św. Jacka, 1980)
Norbert Mette. Kirchlich distanzierte Christlichkeit. Eine Herausforderung für die praktische Kirchentheorie. München 1982 ss. 204. Kösel-Verlag.
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1984)
O religijnym sensie życia
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1987)
Pluralizm religijny szansą czy zagrożeniem dla Kościoła
Mariański, Janusz (Papieski Fakultet Teologiczny we Wrocławiu, 2001)
In this paper our attention was first directed toward the main characteristics of the modem pluralism in the field of religion and toward the Church’s reaction at this new religious situation in the contemporary world. The process of individualization is going on, especially because of the social and cultural pluralism. The structure of religious credibility is weakening as at the „worldview market” there are still more and more proposals which either directly or indirectly question the notion of religious uniqueness. Individuals have in these new conditions rights and obligations to choose from among what’s being offered on the „religious market”: religion stops to be a fate, it starts to be a choice. The Church should not announce any warfare against radical pluralism and structural religious individualization, but should aim at transforming it in frame of the evangelistic mission and through an open discussion and dialogue with other people representing differing options for solving humanitarian and religious problems: not so much „against” as rather „with” The Christian pastoral activity stands at the threshold of new perspectives: new and not yet explored.
Przemiany wartości w społeczeństwie zachodnioniemieckim (1966-1986)
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1990)
The paper deals with the changes of values in the society of West Germany. Empirical research into the values in West Germany does not have a long tradition. Their results, though not always coherent can be reduced to three main lines of development which follow the same direction, but lay emphasis of various aspects of axiological changes. The changes which are well underway are characterized as: firstly, creating new, so-called postmaterial values (postmaterialistische Werte); secondly, weakening of the middle-class system of values; thirdly, playing down the significance of the value of duty and estime in favour of selfrealization values. The changes of values were brought about in a few stages; up to the mid-60s the values of duty and estime (the period of a relative stability of social values) still dominated in all social and political milieue. From the mid-60s onwards to the mid-70s there was a reduction of the value of duty and estime underway along with the explosion of self-realization values (instability of traditional values and norms). From the mid-70s on there has been a specific inactivity underway in the changes of values, along with irrelevant ups and downs in both directions. One observes particularly clear changes of values in such domains of life as work, politics, family, religion and the sense of life.
Religia a wartości uniwersalne
Mariański, Janusz (Papieski Fakultet Teologiczny we Wrocławiu, 2003)
In his text the author asks some important questions: is it possible to reconstruct the moral relations without having generally binding moral standards? Is it enough to have only situational, local moral standards? Does the coming of the postdeontological era equal to the realization of the culture of cinicism, manipulation and indifference? What does it mean to introduce a normative and binding relationship between people? The author goes then to give some answers to the problems he recognizes. In real societies there are many persons, social groups and institutions that not only maintain the religious, moral and social values (they live them), but also defend them and propose them to the others as the life values that can transform from the inside the society in general. In the process of revitalization of the moral values it is important to restore their original meaning and splendor. A certain mentality of the revitalization of moral values is needed as well as some forms of institutional ethics. The global thinking in moral questions needs a local support in concrete undertakings.
Religia i Kościół katolicki w społeczeństwie pluralistycznym
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2024)
Pluralistic societies are characterized by an individualistic understanding of freedom, subjectivization of lifestyles, a diversity of worldviews, and diverse morality. They spread scepticism about obliging and common ideals, relativism in matters of religious and moral nature, and even – to some extent – moral nihilism. In this article, we will present a general characteristic of a pluralistic society, analyze the condition of religion and the Catholic Church in changing socio-cultural conditions, and formulate some challenges for the Catholic Church in Poland. The entire discussion closes with a brief post-scriptum.
Religijność młodzieży naszego czasu i środowiska
Mariański, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1986)
The author considers the religiousness of Polish youth on two planes: that of the nation („the faith of the people”) and th at of everyday life („the religion of daily life”). He discusses and verifies in the light of sociological research the following three hypotheses: (a) despite the changes in its socio-cultural and political context, the religiousness of youth maintains a kind of continuity ‒ but only on the plane of the faith of the poople; (b) the religiousness of everdary life is undergoing visible changes in various directions and with varying intensity; the most pronounced tendency is towards loosening of the ties between religion and morality; (c) the distinct religious revival is caused by social rather than ecclesial (pastoral) facts. The general stability of religious belief and practice bears witness to the vitality of „the faith of the people”. The increase in positive attitudes towards religion at the turn of the decade varied with social group. Some research suggests that the changes in favour of the religious world view were stronger among young people from the lower socialcultural strata (working-class and peasant youth). The author puts forward the hypothesis that the rising tide of religiousness was due to social and psychological factors rather than pastoral ones and that if the latter are not strengthened in the next few years while the effect of the former wanes, an ebbmay come as rapidly as did the present surge.
Sens życia w świadomości młodzieży szkół średnich
Mariański, Janusz (Wyższe Seminaria Duchowne Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego, 1986)
The sociological investigation of the question of sense of life does not compete with philosophical, theological or psychological approaches, but it broadens and supplements them by adding a social dimension. It searches for „surface structures” to match the psychological „deep structures”. When speaking of the sense of life we do not necessarily mean something individual even though in tho last instance the sense of life is a man’s personal problem rather than a social question. The sociologist concentrates on the sense or senselessness of life as socially conditioned problems of selected social groups or society as a whole. In tho present study the author concentrates on the sense of life as viewed by secondary school students in three Polish towns: Skarżysko-Kamienna, Sierpc and Zduńska Wola. The sociological research was carried out in 1984 and 1985. The problem is arranged in five points: (a) the sense of life within a sociological approach, (b) the sense of life in the opinion of the young, (c) the sense of life and one’s system of values, (d) the sense of life and religion, and (e) the sense of life and educational tasks. The parts of empirical research reported here show that a majority of secondary school pupils from medium-sized towns have an essentially positive attitude towards life. They think that the sense of life is worth reflecting upon and recognize the importance of such reflection. School pupils readily talk about their existential problems to their friends, but it is not their friends opinion that is decisivo. According to what tho subjects say, the parents, religious instruction and their own experiences have a more important effect than the peer group. Young people arc most frequently promptod to reflect on the senso of life by concrete situations, such as failure or other trouble at school or at home. Most strongly stressed among the valuos giving sense to life are goals associated with the sphere of private life (orientation towards the family and small groups). The values related to family life and people forming the „microenvironment” are not always understood egoistically; they do not always grow out of osenpism or consumption-oriented attitude. But they do testify a strongly marked presence of the existential and affiliative syndrome in a large number of school pupils. Religious values are strongly stressed. Religion plays an im portant part in giving subjective sense to human life. School pupils mostly express the view that faith makes life meaningful, although only for one-fifth of the subjects is the connection between sense of life and religion a necessary and exclusive one. What is appreciated in religion is its existential and moral values. Religion guides a man in his life, helps him to live well, teaches him to love and respect others, enables him to find purpose and sense in life. Less well pronounced is the vertical dimension of religion connected with direct contact between man and God. Faith is regarded not so much as a way to free oneself from existential fears th at arise from a sense of danger as a source of inspiration for action, for reflection and for new questions. The current changes in the way that the functions of religion are understood create a better chance for the manifestation of a more personal, profound and ethical religiousness that pervades people’s everyday lives. New prospects of an effective educational offensive are opening for the Christian message, which proclaims the whole truth about the deepest sense of human life.
Socjologia moralności jako nauka empiryczna o faktach moralnych
Mariański, Janusz (Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 1986)