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Aluzje literackie w teologicznej ocenie działań arcykapłana Szymona w 1 Mch 14,5
Nawrot, Janusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
Each biblical book reveals its theological message in a very diverse literary way. The analyzed verse of 1 Macc 14:5, similarly to the other verses of the book, was written in the form of a cento, a well-known literary genre used in antiquity. This cento combines expressions in the verses of the earlier Old Testament books and builds its own theological message. Thus an intertextual allusion is built upon the complete textual conformity of the verses from 1 Macc and the cited expressions. The literary context is crucial for the choice of the allusion. This context influences the carrying theological capacity of the verses and what they bring in the construction of a new message. The allusions reveal the actual meaning of the described events in a theological context. The revelation of the hagiographer’s intention enables the reader to accurately evaluate the conduct of particular characters, in this case Simon Maccabaeus, the high priest of Jews in the times of the Maccabean revolt.
Gdy religia burzy i buduje kulturę. Kilka biblijnych przykładów wpływu religii na kulturę ludów
Nawrot, Janusz (Gdańskie Seminarium Duchowne, 2012)
W Biblii kultura utożsamiana jest z wyznawaną religią. Kultura stanowi widzialny znak wiary, stąd wartość danej religii ocenia się, uwzględniając zewnętrzne praktyki danej grupy i ich zgodność z wyznawaną przez siebie ideologią. Inne ludy i ich kultura oceniane są nie według tego, czym są, lecz według kryterium zgodności z zasadami wyznawanymi przez religię silniejszego, tzn. Izraela. W Starym Testamencie fundamentalnymi kryteriami oceny tego, co inne, są monoteizm i dekalog. Wszystko, co niezgodne z tymi zasadami, musi zostać zniszczone, ponieważ wartość „kulturową” lub kulturotwórczą (godną zachowania) ma jedynie to, co służy trwaniu i rozwojowi religii Izraela. Znane były jednak przypadki, że do religii Izraela włączano osiągnięcia innych kultur.
Judas Maccabaeus and the Roman Republic: Greek Political Vocabulary in 1 Macc 8:1
Nawrot, Janusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
The literary genius of the author of the First Book of the Maccabees shows in his ability to use the diplomatic realities of politics in the account of Judas Maccabeus, who strives to sign a pact with the Roman republic. The terms to describe politics have their own long history that dates back to the Greek world before Rome reached its prime. The use of these terms to represent Judas’ policy towards Rome in 1 Macc 8:1 was not an artificial ingenuity of the author but rather his intentional borrowing. By utilising terms from the spheres of politics and diplomacy, the author was capable of matching them with the everlasting value of the message contained in the inspired text. This message was extremely important for the author. Thus he was able to harmonise elements of world politics with God’s action. The Lord would use everything made by humans to exercise His will toward His own people.
Światło słowa Bożego dla chrześcijańskich małżonków w nauczaniu moralnym encykliki Humanae Vitae
Nawrot, Janusz; Pryba, Andrzej (Gdańskie Seminarium Duchowne, 2018)
Artykuł ukazuje wskazania moralne dla chrześcijańskich małżonków na podstawie światła słowa Bożego zawartego w pięciu punktach encykliki Pawła VI Humanae vitae. Pośród tych wskazań znajduje się zachęta do podjęcia trudu wierności nauczaniu Kościoła. Tekst ukazuje realizm przemijania świata doczesnego z jednoczesnym wskazaniem na rzeczywistość nadprzyrodzoną. Narzędziem będącym pomocą w rozwoju duchowym i trwaniu przy wskazaniach moralnych Kościoła jest modlitwa. Autorzy zwracają również uwagę na konieczność zaangażowania kapłanów w proces duchowego towarzyszenia małżonkom w ich drodze ku pełni rozwoju.
What Are the Maccabean Insurgents Fighting For? The Theological Meaning of νομίμων in 1 Macc 3:21
Nawrot, Janusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2023)
In the discussed verse 1 Macc 3:21, there are two main motivations for the struggle of Judah Maccabee and his compatriots against the Seleucid army of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The text combines the struggle for the physical existence of Jews with the defence of native customs established on the foundations of the Mosaic Law. There is aclear indissolubility of life and faith in the Jewish consciousness. One cannot survive without one’s own religious tradition, which is the basis of national identity. This article aims to explore the meaning of the Greek adjective νόμιμος, -η, -ον, appearing in the analysed verse of the the book, as substantive (τὸ) νόμιμον, “custom” especially in the plural τὰ νόμιμα, “customs, usages, norms.” This term will be presented from atheological and historical perspective in search of an answer to the question about its content and implied meaning in the speech of Judah to his countrymen before the beginning of the battle of Beth-Choron. This content will be both the justification of the struggle undertaken and its importance in the history of Israel in the middle of the 2nd century BC.
Zeugizō: The Language of Marital Infidelity in the Account of Treachery Toward the Ancestral Laws in 1 Macc 1:15
Nawrot, Janusz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2020)
The present article deals with a linguistic issue well known in the Bible but not usually overtly present in the terminology of Hebrew and Greek Scripture. It concerns the sexual sphere of human life and is expressed by the verb zeugizō (1 Macc 1:15). This term appears only once in the Septuagint and is not featured in any of the other inspired books. However, the discovery of a non-biblical text which includes the term in question, as well as the inclusion of the verb by the Jewish authors of the Greek Bible from the 2nd century AD, shed important light on the sense of the verb in the First Book of the Maccabees. The exegesis carried out reveals just how harsh was the hagiographer’s critique of, and judgment upon, the supporters of the Hellenization of Judea.