The Biblical Annals, 2021, T. 11, nr 4

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    Caleb, Son of Jephunneh - As an Example of Fidelity to God. An Exegetical Study of Sir 46:7-10
    Pudełko, Judyta Jolanta (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    Caleb is a secondary character in several episodes of the Exodus as well as the conquest of the Promised Land (Num 13–14; Josh 14:6-14). Praise of the Ancestors (Sir 44–49) contains a presentation of the biblical history of ancient Israel as the history of the covenant and a place of God’s intervention. According to his own criteria, Sirach presents the most relevant and positive characters in this history. In Sirach’s description (46:7-10), Caleb is a faithful scout, who, together with Joshua, faced with the rebellion of the Israelites, bears witness to an exemplary trust in God and encourages the Israelites to follow his lead. His courage and faithfulness are rewarded by receiving an inheritance of some ground in the Promised Land, which then becomes the property of his offspring. In the brief account of Sirach, Caleb is a timeless example of a faithful man – one who lives according to the word of God and encourages others to take up this challenge.
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    “Baptism of Repentance for the Remission of Sins”. Mark 1:4 in Its Context
    Malina, Artur (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    The titular term commonly refers to the baptism administered by John. In the other earliest sources, forgiveness of sins is not closely linked to washing with water performed by him, as the description of the Baptist’s appearance in the Gospel of Mark seems to suggest. The analysis of the verse marked in the title leads to the conclusion that Mark characterizes John’s appearance by two conjoined activities: baptizing and preaching which are expressed by the participles βαπτίζων and κηρύσσων. The first one allows for diagnosing the state of relations between humans and God. This diagnosis is expressed through the confession of their sins. The second one announces to them a therapy appro priate to the position they have identified. This therapy is supposed to be the baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins preached by John, equating with the future baptism in the Holy Spirit.
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    Znaczenie rzeczownika φθόνος w Mdr 2,24
    Zieliński, Marcin (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    The interpretation of the noun φθόνος in Wis 2:24 may raise some difficulties. In exegesis, φθόνος is generally referred to the attitude of the devil who, jealous of man, rebelled against God. This meaning already appears in apocryphal and patristic literature. This article presents the context of the analyzed verse, issues related to its translation, and possible interpretations. First, it explores the nature of death, then tries to show what reality is behind the term διάβολος and why the author describes his action as motivated by envy. Based on the texts of Philo of Alexandria, the article argues that envy, understood as sadness related to the lack of various goods that others have, is only a definition of the essence of this feeling. It seems that the inspired author primarily wanted to show envy as a negative attitude, radically opposed to the idea of wisdom, virtue and closeness to God. In such an interpretation, envy reveals a state of moral evil, an absolute lack of wisdom, which results in separation from God, causes discord between people, and ultimately leads to spiritual death.
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    A Critical Edition and Philological Analysis of the Text of Isa 46–48 on the Basis of the Coptic Manuscript sa 52 (M 568) and other Coptic Manuscripts in the Sahidic Dialect and the Greek Text of the Septuagint
    Bąk, Tomasz Bartłomiej (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    The article constitutes a critical edition and a philological analysis of the text of Isa 46–48, based on the Coptic manuscript sa 52 and other available manuscripts in the Sa hidic dialect. The first part provides general information on this fragment of the codex sa 52 (M 568), which includes the text being elaborated. This is followed by a list and a brief description of the remaining manuscripts, containing at least some verses from Isa 46–48. The most significant part of the article is the presentation of the Coptic text (in the Sahidic dialect) as well as its translation into English. The differences noted between the Sahidic text and the Greek Septuagint, on which the Coptic translation is based, are presented in a tabular form. It includes, i.a., additions and omissions in the Coptic translation, lexical changes and semantic differences. The last part of the article is devoted to more difficult philological issues, observed either in the Coptic text itself or in its relation to the Greek text LXX. Particularly noteworthy are those verses of Isa 46–48, which appear only in the manuscript sa 52 and have not been published anywhere so far.
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    Historical and Legal Context and Significance of Selected Roman Public Law Institutions of the Early Principate Described in Canonical Gospels of the New Testament
    Kubala, Maciej Tomasz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    The article analyses the issues in question by means of a method used in the legal sciences which in the Polish methodology is called “the historical and legal method.” It involves presentation and analysis of selected legal institutions and of their evolution in time. The following issues ‒ identified across the pages of the Gospel ‒ are analysed in this article: political and systemic context of evangelical events (section 1), the role of censuses in the implementation of Roman administrative and systemic princi ples (section 2), Roman tax law in the context of tax burdens resting on residents of Judea (section 3) and the Roman judicial procedure in the context of the trial of Jesus (section 4). In the summary the author answers the research question asked in the introduction: to what degree does the historical and legal significance of selected institutions of Roman law, inspired by the description of these institutions in canonical gospels of the New Testament, determine the contemporary understanding of the gospels themselves?
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    The Voice of Geber (Lam 3) in the Panorama of Speaking Voices in the Book of Lamentations
    Korzec, Cezary (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, 2021)
    The present study, acknowledging the centrality of Lam 3 in the book of Lamentations, examines the development of the speaking voice of the geber in this chapter and compares it with other voices speaking in the book. The questioned identity of the geber becomes a model for other ‘voices’: the narrator and the Daughter of Zion. The destruction of the city, carried out by God himself, indicates an exhaustion of the old institutions and the need for a new identity of both the Daughter of Zion and the supporters of the commu nity of the city (i.e., the narrator) in the days of crisis.