Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny, 2013, Tom 66, nr 4

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    Post-Conciliar Changes in Liturgy
    Mieszczak, Stanisław (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2013)
    The fiftieth anniversary of the proclamation of the conciliar Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy has raised a lot of interest in this document and the changes in the liturgy of the Catholic Church. The work of reform, however, was not only the result of conciliar tendencies. It was a response to the challenges that the Church had been facing since the mid-nineteenth century. In the field of liturgy many changes took place. The development of historical science, the renewal of the interest in the Bible, the rediscovery of the impact of well-celebrated liturgies on social life, new liturgical ministry, the renewal of music – all these helped to change the face of the Catholic Church liturgy. In addition to that, the mission works ad gentes developed and this resulted in more open ecumenical dialogue and various forms of piety which, in turn, contributed to the search for a more authentic religiosity. The reform was a pressing need and Sacrosanctum Concilium did not, in fact, initiate the changes, but directed them in accordance with the requirements of the Church.
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    The Worship of Swedish Saints in Poland after the Council of Trent
    Pałęcki, Waldemar (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2013)
    After the Council of Trent memorials of many saints worshipped in local churches or religious communities were omitted as a result of the unification of the liturgical books. In order to maintain their cult in particular provinces or convents, appropriate appendices to the breviary and the missal were prepared. A new book of forms entitled Officium Divinum of saints worshipped in the territory of Poland prepared by Stanisław Sokołowski, canon of Cracow, was issued in Cracow in 1596. In 1605 an appendix containing missal forms developed by Kacper of Kleczowo was printed. As a result of the influence of the Reformation in Scandinavia, religious battles, fighting the cult of saints and the destruction of their relics, King Sigismund III Vasa asked the Holy See to grant the permission to include the Swedish saints in the Polish appendix to the missal devoted to the saints (Proprium Poloniae). Having received the approval issued by the Congregation of Rites in 1616, individual dioceses made decisions to include these saints in their own liturgical calendar. In the seventeenth century missal and breviary forms were first issued as separate editions, and then they were printed together with the Proprium Poloniae. This appendix, which had not changed over the centuries, contained the memorials of the great saints of Scandinavia, inter alia Eric, Henry, Ansgar, Siegfried, Eschil, Botvid, Olaf, Bridget and her daughter Catherine of Sweden. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, some dioceses no longer posted Swedish patrons (e.g. Warmia) and the last common issue of Polish and Swedish saints was released in 1901. Saints from the period of the beginning of Christianity in Scandinavia are still present intercessors and may become patrons of the United Europe.
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    The Biblical World of Animals
    Wajda, Anna Maria (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2013)
    Numerous references to animals in the Bible show that biblical authors had a broad knowledge of nature. According to the current classification of living organisms and method of research used by modern zoology, it is stated that these observations do not have the characteristics of scientific research. In spite of this, they are the evidence of the clear-sighted observation of animals, which is reflected not only in the knowledge of the appearance of individual species, but also of specific behaviours related to their way of life. It concerns not only domestic animals, raised for the purpose of gaining meat, fur, hide and labour, but also wild representatives of the fauna. Bible references concerning the latter apply to the species perceived as highly dangerous to man and domestic animals, i.e.: lions, wolves, bears, leopards or snakes. Amongst the Bible animals one can distinguish these which aroused admiration because of their appearance, such as gazelle, deer, ibex or dove. At the same time, it is essential to emphasise the fact that this rich animal world is just a vivid background of the biblical story of Salvation and a tool used to translate God’s address into human language. For this reason, the knowledge of animal symbolism in the Sacred Scripture makes more accurate understanding of the pericopes possible.
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    Peter Caban, Dejiny kresťanskej liturgie v staroveku, Vydavateľstvo Paulínky, Praha 2012, 135 pp.
    Ivančáková, Anna (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2013)
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    Thunderstorm Electricity as the Probable Origin of the Pentecost Kerygma
    Szczerbiński, Marek (Polskie Towarzystwo Teologiczne, 2013)
    The author presents and argues for his view that the source of the kerygma of Pentecost (“tongues as of fire”) may be the phenomenon of an electrical storm. Since the author of the text is a scientist, the approach to the subject is natural, not theological. Natural phenomena in the Bible are divided into four groups. “Tongues as of fire” (Acts 2:3) belong to the last group: rare but natural phenomena are dislocated by the authors of the saint books from everyday life into the time and place where the sign is needed. The concept is justified with the descriptions of this phenomenon in ancient literature. The borrowing is not necessarily a direct one, but may have reached the Acts as a result of everyday thoughts and conversations in the Hellenic world.